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P6 Flashcards
Different from "Period Rev" flashcards which cover the paper Review Challenges.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Social Darwinism (1880s) | 'Survival of the fittest' applied to society. Used to justify inequality, racism & imperialism. Rockefeller embraced it. Carnegie believed the wealthy had a duty to help others survive. |
| Booker T. Washington becomes head of Tuskegee Institute (1881) | ___ ___ ___ advocated Black economic self-improvement through vocational training. Accepted segregation temporarily as the price of progress. Criticized by DuBois as too accommodationist. |
| Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) | Barred Chinese immigration to the US. Made Chinese residents ineligible for citizenship. First US law to restrict immigration by race. Reflected widespread anti-Chinese sentiment in the West. |
| American Federation of Labor founded (1886) | Led by Samuel Gompers. Represented skilled craft unions. Pushed for higher wages, shorter hours & better conditions. Excluded unskilled workers — a key limitation of the organization. |
| American Protective Organization founded (1887) | Nativist group opposing Catholic immigrants. Tried to block 'new immigrants' from advancing. Saw Catholicism as a threat to 'true Americanism.' Founded by Henry Bowers. Predecessor to 20th-century nativism. |
| Interstate Commerce Act (1887) | First federal law regulating railroads. Required fair, publicly disclosed rates. Created the Interstate Commerce Commission. Largely ineffective at first due to weak enforcement powers. |
| Dawes Severalty Act (1887) | Broke up tribal lands & sold them individually to Native Americans. Aimed to assimilate natives into white culture. Destroyed communal farming traditions. Allowed surplus land to be sold to whites. |
| Hull House established in Chicago (1889) | Founded by Jane Addams to serve the urban working class. Offered education, childcare & legal help. Fought for labor reform & child labor laws. One of America's first and most influential settlement houses. |
| Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth" (1889) | Carnegie argued the wealthy had a duty to use their riches to benefit society — fund libraries, schools & institutions. Opposed direct charity. Clashed with Social Darwinists who favored no aid to the poor. |
| National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) founded (1890) | Merged two pro women's vote groups under Anthony, Stanton, Stone & Catt. Focused on securing women's right to vote. Led the long campaign that culminated in the 19th Amendment in 1920. |
| New Immigrants (1890s) | Arrived mainly from southern & eastern Europe — Italy, Poland, Russia. Mostly Catholic or Jewish. Poorer & less literate than earlier immigrants. Preserved Old World culture. Associated with radical politics. |
| Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) | First federal law banning monopolistic business practices. Prohibited trusts. Initially weakened by vague wording & conservative courts. Ironically used against labor unions as well as corporations. |
| McKinley Tariff (1890) | Raised import duties sharply to protect American industry. Forced consumers to pay high prices for manufactured goods. Farmers hurt — their goods sold in unprotected markets. Raised prices on sugar. |
| Homestead Steel Strike (1892) | Workers at Carnegie's ___ plant struck against wage cuts. Frick locked them out & hired Pinkerton guards. Federal troops broke the strike. Crushed the union & set back the labor movement. |
| Populist Party formed (1892) | Farmers' Alliance members formed the ___ ___ to fight Wall Street & railroad monopolies. Demanded silver coinage, national railroad control & an income tax. Supported Bryan in 1896. Short-lived. |
| Pullman Strike (1894) | Railroad workers struck against wage cuts under George _____. Sherman Antitrust Act used to break it — labor unions ruled a 'trust.' Led by Eugene Debs. Exposed courts' alliance with big business. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | 'Separate but equal' — Supreme Court upheld racial segregation as constitutional. Legalized Jim Crow laws across the South. Stood until overturned by Brown v. Board of Education in 1954. |
| Election of 1896 | Democrats nominated Bryan on a silver currency platform after his 'Cross of Gold' speech. Republicans backed McKinley & gold standard. Business interests won — Bryan lost. Ended Populist Party. |
| Emilio Aguinaldo leads rebellion against Spain & Spanish-American War (1896-1898) | ___________ fought Spain for Philippine independence. US recruited him, then crushed his revolt after taking the Philippines. Showed tension between American imperialism & anti-colonial ideals. |
| Yellow Journalism (1890s) | Sensationalist press led by Hearst & Pulitzer exaggerated Spanish atrocities in Cuba. Inflamed public opinion & pushed the US toward the ___ ___. Attracted new immigrant readers with comics. |
| Teller Amendment (1898) | Pledged the US would not annex Cuba after defeating Spain. Promised Cubans independence. Allowed US military presence in Cuba. Later undermined by the Platt Amendment. |
| Spanish-American War (1898) | USS Maine explosion blamed on Spain. US defeated Spain in Cuba & the Philippines. Teddy Roosevelt's 'Rough Riders' became famous. Treaty of Paris gave US, Philippines, Guam & Puerto Rico. |
Created by:
dddemchuk12