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Chapter 17 Eye&Ear
Medical Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| accommodation | Normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near |
| anterior chamber | The area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris |
| aqueous humor | Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in anterior chamber |
| biconvex | Consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly; lens of the eye is biconvex |
| choroid | Middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera |
| ciliary body | Structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid and iris; controls shape of lens and secretes aqueous humor |
| cone | Photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse; responsible for color and central vision |
| conjunctiva | Delicate membrane that lines the undersurface of eyelids and covers anterior eyeball |
| cornea | Fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of eyeball |
| fovea centralis | Tiny depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision |
| fundus of the eye | Posterior, inner part of the eye |
| iris | Pigmented layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye |
| lens | Transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye |
| macula | Yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc |
| optic chiasm | The point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain |
| optic disc | The region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina; blind spot |
| optic nerve | Cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain |
| pupil | Central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass |
| refraction | Bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina |
| retina | Light-sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells |
| rod | Photoreceptor cell of retina essential for vision in dim light and for peripheral vision |
| sclera | Tough, white outer coat of the eyeball |
| thalamus | Relay center of the brain |
| vitreous humor | Soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber |
| aque/o | water |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| conjunctiv/o | conjunctiva |
| cor/o | pupil |
| corne/o | cornea |
| cycl/o | ciliary body |
| dacry/o | tears, tear duct |
| ir/o | iris |
| irid/o | iris |
| kerat/o | cornea |
| lacrim/o | tears |
| ocul/o | eye |
| ophthalm/o | eye |
| opt/o | eye, vision |
| optic/o | eye, vision |
| palpebr/o | eyelid |
| papill/o | optic disc |
| phac/o | lens of the eye |
| phak/o | lens of the eye |
| pupill/o | pupil |
| retin/o | retina |
| scler/o | sclera (white of the eye) |
| uve/o | uvea |
| vitre/o | glassy |
| ambly/o | dull, dim |
| dipl/o | double |
| glauc/o | gray |
| mi/o | smaller, less |
| mydr/o | widen, enlarge |
| nyct/o | night |
| phot/o | light |
| presby/o | old age |
| scot/o | darkness |
| xer/o | dry |
| -opia | vision |
| -opsia | vision |
| -tropia | to turn |
| Astigmatism | defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye |
| Hyperopia | farsightedness |
| Myopia | nearsightedness |
| Presbyopia | impairment of vision due to old age reducing lens accommodation |
| Cataract | Clouding of the Lens |
| Chalazion | a small, hard, cystic mass on the eyelid; formed as a result of chronic inflammation of sebaceous gland along margin of eyelid |
| Glaucoma | increased intraocular pressure damages the retina and optic nerve |
| Diabetic retinopathy | retinal effects caused by diabetes mellitus include: Microaneurysms Hemorrhages Dilation of retinal veins Neovascularization |
| Hordeolum (stye) | staph infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid |
| Macular degeneration | progressive damage to the macular of the retina |
| Nystagmus | repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes |
| Strabismus | abnormal deviation of the eye |
| Retinal detachment | two layers of the retina separate from each other |
| Photopsia | bright flashes of light |
| Floaters | vitreous clumps of retina |
| Scleral buckle | a belt used to buckle the retina to the sclera |
| Pneumatic retinopexy | a gas bubble is injected in vitreous cavity to help reattach the retina |
| Fluorescein angiography | dye injection to examine blood flow in the retina |
| Ophthalmoscopy | visual examination of the interior of the eye through dilated pupil |
| Slit lamp microscopy | magnified view of expanded number of eye structures |
| Visual acuity test | assesses clarity of vision |
| Visual field test | measures visual fields when eyes are fixed forward |
| Enucleation | removal of the entire eyeball |
| Laser photocoagulation | an argon laser creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky blood vessels |
| LASIK | laser to correct errors of refraction by sculpting the cornea |
| Phacoemulsification | ultrasound to break up lens for aspiration for cataract removal |
| Vitrectomy | removal of vitreous and replacement with a clear solution |
| Keratoplasty | surgical repair of the cornea |
| Scleral Buckle | suture of a silicone band to the sclera over the detached portion of retina |
| auditory canal | Channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum |
| auditory meatus | Auditory canal |
| auditory nerve fibers | Carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain |
| auditory tube | Channel between the middle ear and nasopharynx; eustachian tube |
| auricle | Flap of the ear; protruding part of external ear, or pinna |
| cerumen | Waxy substance secreted by the external ear; also called earwax |
| cochlea | Snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear |
| endolymph | Fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear |
| eustachian tube | Auditory tube |
| incus | Second ossicle of the middle ear |
| labyrinth | Maze-like series of canals of the inner ear |
| malleus | First ossicle of the middle ear |
| organ of Corti | Sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear |
| ossicle | Small bone of the ear |
| oval window | Membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear |
| perilymph | Fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear |
| pinna | Auricle; flap of the ear |
| semicircular canals | Passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium |
| stapes | Third ossicle of the middle ear |
| tympanic membrane | Membrane between the outer and the middle ear; eardrum |
| vestibule | Central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea |
| acous/o | hearing |
| audi/o | hearing |
| audit/o | hearing |
| aur/o | ear |
| auricul/o | ear |
| cochle/o | cochlea |
| mastoid/o | mastoid process |
| myring/o | eardrum, tympanic membrane |
| ossicul/o | ossicle |
| ot/o | ear |
| salping/o | Eustachian tube |
| staped/o | stapes |
| tyman/o | eardrum, tympanic membrane |
| vestibul/o | vestibule |
| -acusis or-cusis | hearing |
| -meter | instrument for measure |
| -otia | ear condition |
| Acoustic neuroma | benign tumor arising from 8th cranial nerve, causes tinnitus, vertigo, dizziness, and decreased hearing |
| Cholesteatoma | skin cells and cholesterol in a sac in the middle ear (cyst-like mass associated with chronic infections) |
| Deafness | loss of ability to hear |
| Ménière disease | disorder of the labyrinth with elevated endolymph pressure in the cochlea and semicircular canals causing tinnitus, sensitivity to sound, progressive hearing loss, headache, nausea, and vertigo |
| Otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear |
| Otosclerosis | hardening of bony tissue in the labyrinth |
| Tinnitus | sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears |
| Vertigo | sensation of irregular motion (whirling) from disease of the inner ear or nerve carrying messages from the semicircular canals |
| Audiometry | an audiometer is an electric device used to determine hearing loss by frequency |
| Cochlear implant | a surgically implanted device that allows sensorineural hearing-impaired persons to understand speech |
| Ear thermometry | body temperature measured with infrared radiation from the eardrum |
| Otoscopy | visual examination of the ear with a small, hand-held scope |
| Tuning fork test | hearing tests using a vibrating fork |
| Rinne (Tuning fork test) | fork is place against the mastoid bone (bone conduction) and in front of the auditory meatus (air conduction) |
| Weber (Tuning fork test) | fork is placed on the center of the forehead; normal hearing has equal loudness in both ears |
| hemianopsia | half an vision, hemi an opsia. loss of vision on the opposite side of the visual field. |
| trabeculoplasty | laser therapy to let pressure off from the eye |
| optimal coherence tomography | noninvasive imaging technique using light waves to take cross-sectional pictures of the retina |
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