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Psychology
chapter 12 TEST
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| delusions vs. hallucinations | delusions: latin word "to play tricks" w/ the mind -unshakable belief abt oneself -untrue...irrational + defies normal reasoning -delusions of Granger hallucinations: visual/auditory stimuli that are either seen/heard that DON't exist- Andrea Yates |
| symptoms of depression | -eating problems -sleeping problems -lack of concentration -thoughts of suicide+feelings of worthlessness |
| medical model | "diathesis stress model" - mental dis as illnesses w/ underlying bio causes (chem imbalance,gentetics,brain damage) or psych probs or sociocultural probs-requires med treatment -predisposition/vulnerability twds developing a pysch disorder("diathesis") |
| DSM5...describe | book of medical disorders-2013 -gets revised, over 300 disorders -"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition" -"bible of psychologists" |
| causes of schizophrenia | -hereditary factors -biochemical factors -viral infections -psychological+social factors |
| characteristics of antisocial personality disorder | associated w/ sociopaths + psychopaths (EXTREME) -lack of regard for others, likely violent -underdeveloped amygdala -ex: joker |
| narcissistic personality | grandiose extraggeration of one's importance, great need for constant attention -ex: selfie stick=narcissism wand |
| causes of phobias | traumatic experiences, learned behaviors, genetic predispositions, and brain chemistry, particularly the amygdala's response to fear. |
| obsessive compulsive disorder | uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts/obessions + urges to engage in senseless rituals/compulsions -1 in 20 people affected -obsessions (cognitions) -compulsions (actions/behaviors) -no longer anxiety disorder- OC+ related disorder |
| OCD affects what % of people? | .05% -1 in 20 |
| most common compulsion reported w/ OCD | -washing hands -checking |
| hysteria is a common outdated name for... | conversion disorder -by freud -"defense mechanism" for the mind -lossphysical function -ex: Devi NHIE |
| causes of depression | -low levels of s,d,n -bio factors: genetic -psych factors: stressfulevents or change in lifestyle |
| manic episodes | a period of abnormally elevated mood, extreme energy, or intense irritability lasting at least one week, often with symptoms like decreased sleep, racing thoughts, and impulsive, risky behavior |
| panic attacks | sudden episodes of intense fear or discomfort that peak within minutes, causing severe physical symptoms like rapid heart rate, sweating, and shortness of breath, often triggering a sense of imminent danger or death |
| insanity | NOT a psychological term, rather legal term -inability to tell right/wrong+ exercise ctrl of one's actions -treatment: psychopathology |
| learning theory of psychological disorders | posits that maladaptive behaviors, phobias, and emotional issues are acquired through conditioning, reinforcement, and social observation rather than solely by internal biological factors |
| psychoanalytic theory | Sigmund Freud -late 19th century -human behavior largely shaped by unconscious desires, childhood experiences, and interpersonal relationships. -mental health issues stemming from unresolved conflicts in early psychosexual development |
| dissociative idenity disorder | multiple personality -caused by severe childhood trauma/abuse -helps "defend against" childhood experiences -very rate -movie "Spilt" |
| neurotransmitter associated w/ schizophrenia | too many dopamine receptors |
| dysthymic disorder | essentially a MILD case of depression -2 years or more:adults -1 year: children -dsm5: persistent depressive disorder -most can function |
| those most vulnerable to suicide | -teens -those w/ schizo/depression -highest level of functioning -when alcohol is involved |
| bipolar disorder | (manic-depressive): alternate btw depression + mania -suicidal tendencies: especially during manic state -massive mood swings |
| symptoms of schizophrenia | -language delays -abnormal motor behaviors (rocking, flapping) -lack of emotion -socially w/drawl -incoherent speech -agitation (irritable) |
| self-fulfilling prophecy | a psychological and sociological phenomenon where an initially false belief or expectation leads to behaviors that cause the belief to come true. |
| symptoms of panic disorder | recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety, occurs suddenly+unexpectedly -rapid heart rate -short breath -fear of losing ctrl |
| behavior diagnosed as abnormal if...? | maladaptive cognitions and/or behaviors @ odds w/ social expectations -results in distress/discomfort -5 Ds |
| generalized anxiety disorder | marked by chronic, high level of anxiety, not tied to specific threat -"free-floating anxiety" -treatment: SSRIs, CBT -immed. relief: benzodiazepines |
| bio-psycho-social perspective | a holistic, integrative framework that explains health, illness, and human behavior as the product of interacting biological, psychological, and social factors. Developed by Drs. George Engel and John Romano in the 1970s, |
| rates of suicide for depression | lifetime risk for untreated individuals approaching 20%. While up to 80% of depressed individuals report suicidal ideation, the actual suicide rate among treated patients is lower, estimated at roughly 141 per 100,000. |
| early warning signs of schizophrenia | social withdrawal, sudden decline in academic/work performance, neglect of hygiene, unusual thoughts/paranoia, and sleep disturbances. |
| disorders contributed to this by early ancestors...? | type 2 diabetes, heart disease, obesity, and autoimmune disorders |
| bad time to be born in relation to schizophrenia | late winter or early spring -Individuals born in these months have a 5%–8% higher risk of developing the disorder, likely due to increased prenatal exposure to infections and environmental factors during crucial developmental stages. |
| catatonic | characterized by odd physical postures often followed by wild frenzy state -very rare |
| word salads | jumble of extremely incoherent, nonsensical speech -disorganized type of schizophrenia |
| french reformer who changed the treatment of psychological disorders | philippe pinel |
| best warning signs of suicide | highest level of functioning-big DROP -especially manic state -teens -alcohol |
| most hallucinations of schizophrenia involve this sense | visual/AUDITORY stimuli -seen/heard that DON'T exist |
| VIA assesses... | cientifically validated, free, self-report questionnaire that assesses 24 distinct character strengths, ranking them to identify an individual's core, or "signature," strengths |
| drugs used for depression increase this neurotransmitter? | norepinephrine, dopamine, or serotonin |
| paranoid schizophrenia | most dangerous -hallucinations/delusions -"act out" against others -harmful -ex: andrea yates |
| chronic vs. acute schizophrenia | chronic:. long-term, persistent condition, lingering "negative" symptoms (social withdrawal, low motivation) that rarely fully disappear acute: active, severe phase of the disorder, characterized by intense symptoms like hallucinations and delusions |
| positive vs. negative symptoms of schizophrenia | positive: addition of behaviors/functions due to the disorder negative: loss of behaviors/functions due to the disorder -being apathetic |
| neurotransmitter associated w/ Alzheimer's | acetylcholine |
| a high profile degenerative neurological disorder that generally affects the elderly is? | alzheimers -loss of memory |
| early indicators of Alzheimer's are..? | frequent short-term memory loss (especially forgetting recent information or repeated questioning), confusion with time or place, difficulty with familiar tasks, and significant changes in mood or personality. |
| the brain tissue of the alzheimer's paitent shows what kind of physiological characteristics? | widespread neurodegeneration, significant shrinkage (atrophy), and the accumulation of two key proteins: beta-amyloid plaques between nerve cells and tau protein neurofibrillary tangles inside them. |
| according to ur texts, alzheimer's disease is..? | progressive, irreversible brain disorder that destroys memory, thinking skills, and the ability to carry out daily tasks. A |
| with respect to the relationship between immunizations and autism, ur text states that...? | vaccines do not cause autism |
| characteristics of ADHD | persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with functioning |
| of these possible causes of ADHD, which has the greatest research support? | Of the potential causes of ADHD, genetics and heredity have the strongest, most extensive research support. Studies indicate that ADHD is highly heritable, with a estimated genetic influence of 70% to 80%, and it frequently runs in families. |
| DSM5 criterias for specific disorders | categorical symptoms, duration requirements, and clinical, social, or occupational impairment, often incorporating dimensional severity measures. |
| most common disorder | anxiety |
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