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Circulatory system

bio 102

QuestionAnswer
Circulatory system components Heart, blood vessels, and blood
Main functions of circulatory system Transport oxygen, nutrients, wastes, and hormones
Double circulation Two circuits: pulmonary and systemic
Pulmonary circuit Carries blood to lungs for oxygenation
Systemic circuit Carries oxygenated blood to body tissues
Heart muscle type Cardiac muscle
Number of heart chambers Four
Atria function Receive blood from veins
Ventricles function Pump blood out of the heart
Right atrium receives blood from Vena cava
Left atrium receives blood from Pulmonary veins
Right ventricle pumps blood to Lungs via pulmonary artery
Left ventricle pumps blood to Body via aorta
Reason atria have thin walls They only push blood into ventricles
Reason left ventricle is thicker Must generate high pressure to pump blood throughout body
Cardiac cycle Sequence of heart contractions and relaxations
Diastole All chambers relaxed, blood flows into atria
Atrial systole Atria contract to fill ventricles
Ventricular systole Ventricles contract to pump blood out
AV valves function Prevent backflow into atria
Semilunar valves function Prevent backflow into ventricles
Lub sound Closing of AV valves
Dub sound Closing of semilunar valves
Pacemaker of heart Sinoatrial (SA) node
AV node function Delays signal before ventricles contract
Purkinje fibers Specialized fibers that conduct impulses through ventricles
Gap junctions Allow rapid electrical communication between heart cells
Intercalated discs Structures connecting cardiac cells for coordinated contraction
Arteries Carry blood away from heart
Veins Carry blood back to heart
Capillaries Site of gas and nutrient exchange
Exception for arteries Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood
Exception for veins Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood
Artery structure Thick, elastic walls with smooth muscle
Vein structure Thinner walls with valves
Capillary structure Very thin walls of simple squamous epithelium
Function of smooth muscle in vessels Regulates blood flow and pressure
Function of connective tissue in vessels Provides support
Capillary function Exchange gases, nutrients, and wastes
Capillary size Only one red blood cell wide
Blood flow direction From high pressure to low pressure
Highest blood pressure location Arteries
Lowest blood pressure location Veins
Reason arteries have high pressure Close to heart and receive force from ventricular contraction
Reason veins need valves Low pressure requires help returning blood to heart
Blood pressure during systole Highest
Blood pressure during diastole Lowest
Function of arterial elasticity Maintains pressure during diastole
Blood composition Plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
Plasma Liquid portion of blood (mostly water)
Plasma components Proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, wastes, hormones, gases
Albumin function Maintains osmotic balance and pH
Antibodies function Defend against pathogens
Fibrinogen function Clotting factor
Erythrocytes Red blood cells that carry oxygen
Hemoglobin Protein that binds oxygen
Reason RBCs lack nucleus Allows flexibility and more space for hemoglobin
Leukocytes White blood cells that fight infection
Platelets Cell fragments involved in clotting
Blood clotting process Platelets form plug and fibrin network traps cells
Hematopoietic stem cells Produce blood cells in bone marrow
Sickle cell anemia effect Abnormal RBC shape reduces oxygen transport and blocks capillaries
Immunodeficiency effect Reduced ability to fight infections
Created by: elaina.washburn
 

 



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