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respiratory system

bio 102

QuestionAnswer
Main function of respiratory system Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between body and environment
Gas exchange mechanism Diffusion across lung tissue
Key adaptation of lungs for diffusion Large surface area and thin epithelium
Air entry points Nasal cavity and mouth
Air pathway Nasal cavity or mouth to pharynx to trachea to bronchi to lungs
Trachea function Conducts air to bronchi
Bronchi function Carry air into lungs
Conducting zone of lungs Airways that transport air but do not perform gas exchange
Respiratory zone of lungs Region where gas exchange occurs
Bronchi structure Branch into smaller ducts inside lungs
Function of larger airways Air conduction only, no gas exchange
Respiratory epithelium type Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Function of mucus Traps dust and particles
Function of cilia Move mucus and trapped particles out of lungs
Reason no gas exchange in bronchi Epithelium is too thick for diffusion
Alveoli Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs
Alveoli structure Simple squamous epithelium with thin walls
Capillaries around alveoli Allow efficient gas exchange
Surfactant Substance that prevents alveoli from collapsing
Problem in premature infants Lack of surfactant leads to lung collapse
Primary function of breathing Take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
Oxygen transport Carried by hemoglobin in red blood cells
Carbon dioxide transport Mostly transported as bicarbonate ions in plasma
Hemoglobin function Binds and carries oxygen in blood
Bicarbonate ions Formed from carbon dioxide and water
Breathing control type Mostly involuntary
Muscle type used in breathing Skeletal muscle
Brain region controlling breathing Medulla oblongata
Function of medulla oblongata Regulates breathing based on blood pH
Relationship between CO2 and pH Higher CO2 lowers pH (more acidic)
Chemical reaction for CO2 in blood CO2 plus H2O forms HCO3 minus and H plus
Effect of increased H plus Decreases pH
Stimulus for increased breathing Low blood pH (high CO2 levels)
Response to low pH Increase breathing rate to expel CO2
Role of nervous system in breathing Sends signals to diaphragm and rib muscles
Diaphragm function Contracts to allow inhalation
Homeostasis set point for pH Normal blood pH around 7.4
Sensor for breathing regulation Medulla oblongata detecting pH changes
Effector in breathing regulation Respiratory muscles
Response in breathing regulation Adjust breathing rate to restore pH
Created by: elaina.washburn
 

 



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