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Reproductive system

Bio 102

QuestionAnswer
Male reproductive system function Produces sperm and seminal fluid and delivers them during intercourse
Female reproductive system function Produces eggs and supports fertilization, pregnancy, and childbirth
Gametes Sperm and eggs used in sexual reproduction
Gametogenesis Production of gametes (spermatogenesis and oogenesis)
Advantage of sexual reproduction Increases genetic diversity through meiosis and independent assortment
Testes function Produce sperm and testosterone
Epididymis function Site of sperm maturation and storage
Vas deferens function Transports sperm from epididymis to urethra
Seminal vesicles function Produce fluid that nourishes sperm
Prostate gland function Adds fluid to semen to enhance sperm motility
Bulbourethral gland function Secretes lubricating fluid
Urethra function Passageway for semen and urine to exit body
Semen Mixture of sperm and seminal fluid
Location of spermatogenesis Seminiferous tubules in testes
Spermatogenesis timeline Takes about 7 weeks
Spermatogenesis result Produces four haploid sperm cells
When spermatogenesis begins At puberty
Sperm maturation location Epididymis
Acrosome function Contains enzymes to penetrate egg
Ovaries function Produce eggs and hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
Follicle Structure in ovary where oocyte develops
Ovulation Release of mature egg from ovary
Oviduct function Transports egg and is site of fertilization
Uterus function Supports embryo/fetus development
Endometrium Inner lining of uterus
Cervix function Opening to uterus that dilates during childbirth
Vagina function Receives sperm and serves as birth canal
Oogenesis begins Before birth
Primary oocytes Immature eggs present at birth
Oogenesis result Produces one functional egg and polar bodies
Polar bodies Cells that do not develop into eggs
Ovulation frequency Usually one egg per month
Menopause End of oogenesis
Spermatogenesis vs oogenesis difference Spermatogenesis produces 4 sperm, oogenesis produces 1 egg
Spermatogenesis continuity Continuous throughout life after puberty
Oogenesis timing Begins before birth and resumes at puberty
GnRH function Hormone from hypothalamus that controls pituitary
FSH function Stimulates gamete production
LH function Stimulates hormone production and ovulation
Testosterone function Supports spermatogenesis
Estrogen function Regulates female reproductive cycle and uterine growth
Progesterone function Maintains uterine lining
Inhibin function Provides negative feedback to regulate sperm production
Sertoli cells Support developing sperm in seminiferous tubules
Leydig cells Produce testosterone
Ovarian cycle phases Follicular phase and luteal phase
Follicular phase Egg matures and estradiol increases
Luteal phase Corpus luteum forms and secretes progesterone
Corpus luteum Structure that produces progesterone after ovulation
LH surge Triggers ovulation
Uterine cycle phases Proliferative, secretory, menstrual
Proliferative phase Endometrium thickens due to estrogen
Secretory phase Progesterone maintains and enhances endometrium
Menstrual phase Shedding of uterine lining
Fertilization location Oviduct
Fertilization goal Fusion of sperm and egg nuclei to form diploid zygote
Chemoattractants Chemicals released by egg to guide sperm
Acrosomal reaction Release of enzymes from sperm to penetrate egg
Sperm-egg binding Species-specific interaction required for fusion
Membrane fusion Allows sperm nucleus to enter egg
Polyspermy Fertilization by more than one sperm
Block to polyspermy Cortical granule release modifies egg surface
Cortical granules Release enzymes to prevent additional sperm entry
Fertilization envelope Barrier formed to block additional sperm
Vasectomy Cutting vas deferens to prevent sperm release
Tubal ligation Blocking oviducts to prevent egg and sperm meeting
Ectopic pregnancy Implantation of embryo outside uterus
Created by: elaina.washburn
 

 



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