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HEREDITY REVIEW
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mitosis | A type of cell division that produces two identical body cells |
| Cell Cycle | The series of events a cell goes through as it grows and divides |
| Interphase | The longest stage of the cell cycle when DNA is copied |
| Chromosome | A structure made of DNA that carries genetic information |
| Chromatid | One half of a duplicated chromosome |
| Centromere | The region where two chromatids are attached |
| Prophase | The stage when chromosomes become visible and the nucleus breaks down |
| Metaphase | The stage when chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell |
| Anaphase | The stage when chromatids separate and move to opposite sides |
| Telophase | The stage when two new nuclei form |
| Cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm into two cells |
| Somatic Cell | A body cell |
| Diploid | A cell with two sets of chromosomes |
| Cancer | Uncontrolled cell division |
| Mutation | A change in the DNA sequence |
| Gene Mutation | A change in one gene |
| Chromosomal Mutation | A change in chromosome structure or number |
| Substitution | A mutation where one base replaces another |
| Insertion | A mutation where a base is added |
| Deletion | A mutation where a base is removed |
| Frameshift Mutation | A mutation that changes the reading frame of DNA |
| Mutagen | Anything that causes mutations |
| Beneficial Mutation | A mutation that helps survival |
| Harmful Mutation | A mutation that causes disease |
| Neutral Mutation | A mutation that has no effect |
| Genetics | The study of heredity |
| Heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| Trait | A characteristic of an organism |
| Gene | A section of DNA that controls a trait |
| Allele | Different forms of a gene |
| Dominant Allele | An allele that is always expressed if present |
| Recessive Allele | An allele expressed only if two copies are present |
| Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism |
| Phenotype | The physical appearance of an organism |
| Homozygous | Two identical alleles |
| Heterozygous | Two different alleles |
| Punnett Square | A tool used to predict offspring traits |
| Probability | The chance something will happen |
| Incomplete Dominance | A pattern where neither allele is dominant |
| Codominance | A pattern where both alleles are expressed equally |
| Multiple Alleles | A trait controlled by more than two alleles |
| Polygenic Trait | A trait controlled by many genes |
| Sex-Linked Trait | A trait carried on the X chromosome |
| Carrier | A person who has a recessive allele but does not show the trait |
| Genetic Engineering | The process of changing DNA to produce desired traits |
| DNA | The molecule that carries genetic information |
| Gene Therapy | Replacing a defective gene with a normal one |
| Recombinant DNA | DNA combined from different organisms |
| Genetically Modified Organism | An organism whose DNA has been changed |
| Cloning | Making an identical copy of an organism |
| PCR | A process used to make many copies of DNA |
| Gel Electrophoresis | A method used to separate DNA fragments |
| DNA Fingerprinting | A method used to identify individuals using DNA |
| Biotechnology | Using living organisms to make useful products |
| Biotechnology | Using living organisms to make useful products |
Created by:
pnetha