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Biology - Exam 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Animals that eat their way through a substrate such as soil are specifically called ________ feeders | Deposit |
| Animals that filter out food particles from the air or water are termed _________ feeders | Suspension |
| Consume other animals | Carnivore |
| Consume dead organic matter | Detrivore |
| Consume algae or plant material | Herbivore |
| Consume both plants and animals | Omnivore |
| Parasites that live and feed from within their host’s body are called __________ parasites | Endo |
| Parasites that are found on the outside of their host’s body are called _________ parasites | Ecto |
| The protist ancestors of animals are | Choanoflagellates |
| The development of a concentration of nervous and sensory structures into a distinct head region is called | Cephalization |
| The hollow portion of a blastula is termed the | Blastocoel |
| Gastrulation results in the development of different germ layers. If an animal possesses two tissue layers they are termed | Diploblastic |
| Gastrulation results in the development of different germ layers. I an animal possesses three tissue layers they are termed | Triploblastic |
| Gastrulation results in the development of different germ layers. The most exterior layer is the | Ectoderm |
| Gastrulation results in the development of different germ layers. The middle layer is the | Mesoderm |
| Gastrulation results in the development of different germ layers. The inner most layer is the | Endoderm |
| Progression from juveniles to adulthood can involve significant body plan changes between the two forms, known as | Metamorphosis |
| Progression from juveniles to adulthood can involve the young growing larger and retaining the same basic body plan in a process called | Direct development |
| Body plan symmetry that is based on a circular pattern is called _________ symmetry | Radial |
| Body plan symmetry that results in mirror left and right halves is called ________ symmetry. | Bilateral |
| A fluid filled cavity located between the gut tube and body wall that is completely lined with mesoderm tissue is known as a | Coelom |
| A fluid filled cavity located between the gut tube and body wall that is only partially lined with mesoderm it is called a | Pseudocoelom |
| This fluid filled cavity can assist with movement when muscles contract and create pressure in different parts of the body causing them to stretch and bend. This supportive structure is also known as a | Hydrostatic skeleton |
| The process of shedding an outer covering in order to grow in size is sometime referred to as molting but is also known as | Ecdysis |
| If an animal possesses an entirely segmented body this is known as | Metamerism |
| Three separate animal phyla where ________ appeared to evolve independently include Annelida, Arthropoda, and Chordata | Segmentation |
| If an animal possesses digestive structures with a single opening which is where both food enters and wastes exit, this is known as ______________ digestion | Incomplete |
| If an animal possesses digestive structures where there are two separate openings and food moves in a one-way fashion through the system, this is known as __________ digestion | Complete |
| Since sponges lack true tissues, they are the only modern animal phylum that belongs to the group | Parazoa |
| Sponge cells are embedded in gelatinous substance called ___________ supported by the protein fiber Spongin | Mesohyl |
| Sponge cells are embedded in gelatinous substance called Mesohyl supported by the protein fiber _____________ | Spongin |
| Sponges are filter feeders that use cells called ___________ to establish water flow through their bodies. | Choanocytes |
| In sponges, water enters through pores called _________ into a larger interior cavity called a Spongocoel and then eventually up and out of their bodies through larger openings called Oscula | Ostia |
| In sponges, water enters through pores called Ostia into a larger interior cavity called a __________ and then eventually up and out of their bodies through larger openings called Oscula | Spongocoel |
| In sponges, water enters through pores called Ostia into a larger interior cavity called a Spongocoel and then eventually up and out of their bodies through larger openings called ___________ | Oscula |
| The non-cellular material found between the outer and inner body layers of a cnidarian is called | Mesoglea |
| Cnidarian stinging cells are called | Cnidocytes |
| The ciliated larval stage of some cnidarians is known as a ___________ larvae | Planula |
| All molluscs possess a body structure called a ___________, which is a dorsal extension of their body wall that surrounds their visceral mass. | Mantle |
| In molluscs, the mantle may also create a water-filled chamber that houses the respiratory structures (typically gills) called the _____________ | Mantle cavity |
| The rasping tongue-like structure of many molluscs is called a | Radula |
| Gastropoda members undergo a unique developmental process where the digestive tract twists 180˚ leading to the mouth and anus facing in the same direction. This process is also known as | Torsion |
| Molluscs called chitons belong to the Mollusca class | Polyplacophora |
| The circulatory system of most molluscs is considered ________ since the blood is not entirely confined to the vessels. | Open |
| Members of the Platyhelminthes phylum are also known less formally as | Flatworms |
| The beginnings of cephalization is evident in Platyhelminthes with some basic centralization of the central nervous system into clusters of nervous tissue called ______________ located in the head region that connect to two main nerve cords | Ganglia |
| Platyhelminthes members possess excretory structures consisting of a series of small, interconnected tubules that collect and filter body fluids that are called | Protonephridia |
| In Platyhelminthes, the movement of fluid through Protonephridia is accomplished by the beating cilia of specialized cells called | Flame Cells |
| Tapeworms belong to the Platyhelminthes class | Cestoda |
| Flukes belong to the Platyhelminthes class | Trematoda |
| When an animal such as an annelid has an entire body consisting of repeated segments this type of body organization is referred to as | Metamerism |
| When an animal such as an annelid has an entire body consisting of repeated segments, Internally each segment is separated by a | Septum |
| Annelids possess a pair of tubular structures in each segment that collect and filter body fluids. These excretory structures are called | Nephridia |
| This annelid class has a closed circulatory system | Hirudinea |
| This annelid class has a closed circulatory system and chaetae. | Oligochaetae |
| This annelid class has a closed circulatory system and parapodia | Polychaetae |
| Nematodes possess a fluid-filled cavity that is partially lined with mesoderm tissue called a | Pseudocoelom |
| Arachnids have claw-like mouthparts called | Chelicerae |
| Insects possess three specialized segments collectively referred to as | Tagmata |
| The specific segment in insects that has the locomotive structures attached is called the | Thorax |
| In many crustaceans, the first two segments of their body are fused together into a segment called the | Cephalothorax |
| The compound eyes of many arthropods consist of multiple lenses each with its own neural connection to the brain. These individual vision units are called | Ommatidia |
| Complete metamorphosis (larval and adult forms are distinct) is also known as _______________ metamorphosis | Holometabolous |
| Incomplete, or ____________ metamorphosis has juvenile forms that more closely resemble the adults save for missing key adult features | Hemimetabolous |
| Echinoderms possess a unique organ system involved in locomotion called the | Water vascular system |
| The external opening of the water vascular system that acts as a sieve-like plate allowing entry of water is called a | Madreporite |
| Sea urchins and sand dollars belong to the echinoderm class | Echinoidea |
| Lancelets are small worm-like aquatic chordates that belong to the Chordata subphylum | Cephalochordata |
| Tunicates such as sea squirts belong to the subphylum | Urochordata |
| The name tunicate comes from the fact that these animals possess a protective sheath called a tunic, which is unique in that it contains the polysaccharide | Cellulose |
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MaddieIcekamp