introduces an irrelevant point into an argument

when someone uses a double standard or argues for an unjustified exception

attacking an opponents character or motives for believing something instead of proving their argument

Condemning an argument because of where it began, how it began, or who began it

Appeal to someone who has no special knowledge in the area being discussed

When we claim that our viewpoint is correct because many other people agree with it

changing or exaggerating an opponents position to make it easier to refute

An argument that says that "x is true because y is true, and y is true because x is true"

assumes that if we take one step, nothing will stop us from taking a series of steps because each step is the same

When someone asserts that we must choose between two things, when in fact we gave more than two alternatives

Generalizing about a class based on a small sample

Post hoc ergo propter hoc

concluding that since A happened before B, A must have caused B

Used when someone makes you fear the consequences of not doing what they want

When someone tries to make us do something because we pity him or something associated with him

Invites us to jump on the bandwagon and do what everyone else is doing

when someone encourages us to buy some product or take some action because it is associated with some way of the past

Dismissing someone's viewpoints because he himself is inconsistent

When someone says that what is true of a part of something must also be true of the whole thing

When someone says that what is true of something as a whole must also be true of each individual part

compares minor misdeeds with major atrocities, suggesting that both are equally immoral

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Logical Fallacies

Question	Answer
Red herring	introduces an irrelevant point into an argument
Special pleading	when someone uses a double standard or argues for an unjustified exception
Ad Hominem	attacking an opponents character or motives for believing something instead of proving their argument
Genetic fallacy	Condemning an argument because of where it began, how it began, or who began it
Appeal to authority	Appeal to someone who has no special knowledge in the area being discussed
Appeal to the people	When we claim that our viewpoint is correct because many other people agree with it
Straw man	changing or exaggerating an opponents position to make it easier to refute
Circular reasoning	An argument that says that "x is true because y is true, and y is true because x is true"
Slippery slope	assumes that if we take one step, nothing will stop us from taking a series of steps because each step is the same
Either - or	When someone asserts that we must choose between two things, when in fact we gave more than two alternatives
Hasty generalization	Generalizing about a class based on a small sample
Post hoc ergo propter hoc	concluding that since A happened before B, A must have caused B
Appeal to fear	Used when someone makes you fear the consequences of not doing what they want
Appeal to pity	When someone tries to make us do something because we pity him or something associated with him
Bandwagon	Invites us to jump on the bandwagon and do what everyone else is doing
Appeal to tradition	when someone encourages us to buy some product or take some action because it is associated with some way of the past
Tu quoque	Dismissing someone's viewpoints because he himself is inconsistent
Part to Whole	When someone says that what is true of a part of something must also be true of the whole thing
Whole to part	When someone says that what is true of something as a whole must also be true of each individual part
Moal equivalence	compares minor misdeeds with major atrocities, suggesting that both are equally immoral

Created by: aspringer6

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