A lifestyle of strict self-denial (avoiding pleasures) to achieve spiritual or moral growth.

The belief that people are mainly motivated by self-interest; originally an ancient Greek philosophy promoting simple, natural living

The idea that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience (what we observe and experiment with).

The branch of philosophy that studies knowledge—what it is, how we get it, and what counts as truth.

French for “human spirit” or “human mind,” often referring to human intelligence, creativity, and reasoning

A philosophy emphasizing individual freedom, choice, and responsibility in creating meaning in life.

The view that pleasure is the highest good and main goal of life.

A perspective that focuses on human values, dignity, and potential, often emphasizing reason and ethics over religion.

The belief that reality is fundamentally mental or shaped by ideas and consciousness rather than material things.

Early Greek thinkers (from Ionia) who sought natural explanations for the world, laying foundations for science and philosophy.

An ancient religion teaching a dualistic struggle between good (light) and evil (darkness).

The branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of reality, existence, and what is beyond the physical world.

The belief that God and the universe are identical—that everything is divine.

The view that knowledge should be based on observable, scientific facts, rejecting metaphysical speculation

A philosophy that judges ideas by their practical effects and usefulness.

The belief that truth and morality depend on context, culture, or perspective rather than being absolute.

A cultural and philosophical movement emphasizing emotion, nature, and individual expression over reason.

Ancient Greek teachers who focused on rhetoric and argument, often skeptical about absolute truth.

An approach that studies systems (like language or culture) by analyzing their underlying structures.

The belief in or pursuit of an ideal, perfect society.

An ethical theory that says the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or well-being.

In philosophy, the faculty of choosing or deciding; often tied to concepts like free will and intentional action.

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philo

Question	Answer
Asceticism	A lifestyle of strict self-denial (avoiding pleasures) to achieve spiritual or moral growth.
Cynicism	The belief that people are mainly motivated by self-interest; originally an ancient Greek philosophy promoting simple, natural living
Empiricism	The idea that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience (what we observe and experiment with).
Epistemology	The branch of philosophy that studies knowledge—what it is, how we get it, and what counts as truth.
Esprit humain	French for “human spirit” or “human mind,” often referring to human intelligence, creativity, and reasoning
Existentialism	A philosophy emphasizing individual freedom, choice, and responsibility in creating meaning in life.
Hedonism	The view that pleasure is the highest good and main goal of life.
Humanism	A perspective that focuses on human values, dignity, and potential, often emphasizing reason and ethics over religion.
Idealism	The belief that reality is fundamentally mental or shaped by ideas and consciousness rather than material things.
Ionian philosophers	Early Greek thinkers (from Ionia) who sought natural explanations for the world, laying foundations for science and philosophy.
Manicheism	An ancient religion teaching a dualistic struggle between good (light) and evil (darkness).
Metaphysics	The branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of reality, existence, and what is beyond the physical world.
Pantheism	The belief that God and the universe are identical—that everything is divine.
Positivism	The view that knowledge should be based on observable, scientific facts, rejecting metaphysical speculation
Pragmatism	A philosophy that judges ideas by their practical effects and usefulness.
Relativism	The belief that truth and morality depend on context, culture, or perspective rather than being absolute.
Romanticism	A cultural and philosophical movement emphasizing emotion, nature, and individual expression over reason.
Sophists	Ancient Greek teachers who focused on rhetoric and argument, often skeptical about absolute truth.
Structuralism	An approach that studies systems (like language or culture) by analyzing their underlying structures.
Utopianism	The belief in or pursuit of an ideal, perfect society.
Utilitarianism	An ethical theory that says the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or well-being.
Will	In philosophy, the faculty of choosing or deciding; often tied to concepts like free will and intentional action.

Created by: tueb

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