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bio- ch 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| genetic engineering | cleaving DNA from an organism and inserting the fragments into another organism of the same or different species |
| recombinant DNA | DNA made by connecting fragments of DNA from different sources |
| GMO | organisms that have their DNA altered |
| transgenic organism | organism that contains recombinant dna |
| 3 steps to creating a transgenic organism | 1. isolate DNA to be moved 2. place DNA is "vehicle" for transport to recipient organism 3. transfer recombinant DNA into suitable host |
| restriction enzymes (endonucleases) | proteins produced by bacteria that cut DNA into fragments at specific nucleotide sequences |
| how long are restriction enzymes regularly? | 4-8 bases long |
| vectors (vehicles) | transfer DNA to host cells |
| micropipettes | small syringes that inject DNA into host cells (best for animal cells) |
| gene guns | tiny metal bullets coated with DNA are shot into cells (best for plant cells) |
| 2 biological vectors | viruses and bacterial plasmids |
| gene splicing | placing DNA into plasmid rings forming recombinant dna |
| steps to gene splicing | 1. cut plasmid DNA with restriction 2. 2. insert foreign dna 3. recombining of the plasmid with new DNA incorporated |
| gene cloning | identical copies of one another |
| steps to gene cloning | 1. place spliced DNA into bacteria 2. bacteria replicates itself and foreign dna |
| why are transgenic plants more difficult to produce? | because of cell walls |
| nuclear transfer | a nucleus from a body cell of one individual is introduced into an egg cell (without nucleus)from another individual |
| telomeres | ends of chromosomes made of repetitive (nonsense) nucleotide sequences that protect the chromosome from degredation during cell division |
| why do clones have a shorter lifespan? | their telomeres are short |
| what percent of DNA varies from person to person? | .1% |
| what % of DNA doesn't code for protein? | 98% |
| steps in DNA identification | 1. copy dna 2. cut dna 3. sort DNA by size |
| polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | used to copy dna when small amounts are found |
| gel electrophoresis | separates fragments by size using charges (DNA has a negative charge) |
| DNA fingerprint | result of DNA identification, shows many bands |
Created by:
gschultz2028