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Thermoregulation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define a regulator. | The internal environment remains constant despite changes to the external environment. |
| Define a conformer | The internal environment varies with the external environment. |
| Which type of organism has a wider niche. | Regulator |
| Which type of organism has lower metabolic costs | Conformer |
| Which type of organism uses their high metabolism to regulate their internal environment | Regulators |
| Explain why regulators have high metabolic costs | Costs alot of energy to achieve homeostasis. |
| Which type of organism can only use behavioural methods to regulate their temperature. | Conformer |
| State the name of the temperature monitoring centre of the body | Hypothalamus |
| Describe how the hypothalamus communicates with the skin to change body temperature | Sends electrical impulses through nerves |
| Name the 3 corrective responses to being too hot. | 1. vasodilation of arteries 2. sweating 3. lowered metabolic rate |
| Name the 4 corrective responses to being too cold. | 1. vasoconstriction of arteries 2. shivering 3. increased metabolic rate 4. hair erector muscles contract |
| Explain how sweating cools down the body | Increased evaporation of water to cool down the body |
| Explain how vasodilation of arteries cools down the body | Increased blood flow, increased heat loss |
| Explain how lowered metabolic rate cools down the body | Less heat generated |
| Explain how hair erector muscles contracting heat up the body | Trap a layer of insulating air |
| Explain how vasoconstriction of arteries heats up the body | Decreased blood flow, decreased heat loss |
| Explain how shivering heats up the body | Increased muscle contraction generates heat |
| Explain how metabolic rate increasing heats up the body | Increased heat generated |
| Name the role of the skin in thermoregulation | effector where corrective responses occur e.g sweating OR vasodilation/vasoconstriction |
| Explain the importance of thermoregulation to mammals. | 1. maintains optimal enzyme activity 2 high diffusion rates of oxygen 2. high levels of respiration to produce ATP for high metabolic rates |
| Explain the importance of optimal enzyme activity OR high diffusion rates | high levels of respiration to produce ATP for those with high metabolic rates |
| Name the mechanism by which the body is brought back in to homeostasis during themoregulation | Negative feedback |
| Name an abiotic factor apart from temperature that regulators can keep constant | pH or salinity |
Created by:
brightminds