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LCCC Unit 7 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| New Deal | the economic and political policies of the Roosevelt administration in the 1930s |
| Great Depression | The nation’s worst economic crisis, extending throughout the 1930s, producing unprecedented bank failures, unemployment, and industrial and agricultural collapse and prompting an expanded role for the federal government |
| Hooverville | Shantytown, sarcastically named after President Hoover, in which unemployed and homeless people lived in makeshift shacks, tents, and boxes. Hoovervilles cropped up in many cities in 1930 and 1931 |
| Bonus Army | A group of unemployed veterans who demonstrated in Washington for the payment of service bonuses, only to be dispersed violently by the U.S. Army in 1932 |
| Fireside Chats | Speeches broadcast nationally over the radio in which President Franklin Roosevelt explained complex issues and programs in plain language, as though his listeners were gatherers around the fireside with him |
| Black Cabinet | An unofficial group of African Americans who advised President Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Court-Packing | The practice of adding to the number of supreme court justices in order to shift the court’s balance and views |
| 100 Days | The first 100 days of the New Deal marked a period of aggressive measures toward achieving relief, recovery, and reform. Included among them were the Agriculture Adjustment Act and National Recovery Administration. |
| Dust Bowl | The storms turned millions of acres of cultivated land in parts of Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico into a barren desert |
| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | Federal regional planning agency established to promote conservation, produce electric power, and encourage economic development in seven southern states |
| Fascist Government | Subscribing to philosophy of governmental dictatorship that merges the interests of the state, armed forces, and big business; associated with the dictatorship of Italian leader Benito Mussolini between 1922 and 1943 and also often applied to Nazi Germany |
| Eastern Front | The area of military operations in World War II located east of Germany in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union |
| Allies | WWI: Britain, France , Russia, and other nations fighting against Central Powers (not including U.S.) WWII: the allies fighting axis powers included the U.S. , the Soviet Union, Great Britain , France, China, and other nations |
| Axis Powers | The opponents of the United States and its allies in World War II. The Rome-Berlin Axis was formed between Germany and Italy in 1936 and included Japan after 1940 |
| Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere | Japanese goal of an East Asia economy controlled by Japan and serving the needs of Japanese industry |
| Blitzkrieg | German war tactic in World War II (“lightning war”) involving the concentration of air and armored firepower to punch and exploit holes in opposing defensive lines |
| Lend-Lease Act program | Program begun in 1941 through which the United States transferred military equipment to Britain and other World War II allies |
| Atlantic Charter | Statement of common principles and war aims developed by President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill at a meeting in August 1941 |
| Battle of the Atlantic | The long struggle between German submarines and the British and U.S. navies in the North Atlantic from 1940 to 1943 |
| Manhattan Project | The effort, using the code name Manhattan Engineer District, to develop an atomic bomb under the management of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers during World War II |
| Operation OVERLORD | United States and British invasion of France in June 1944 during World War II |
| D-Day | June 6, 1944, the day of the first paratroop drops and amphibious landings on the coast of Normandy, France, in the first stage of Operation OVERLOAD during World War II |
| Island Hopping | In the Pacific Theater during World War II, the strategy in which U.S. forces seized selected Japanese-held islands while bypassing and isolating other islands held by Japan |
| Yalta Conference | Meeting of the U.S. president Franklin Roosevelt, British prime minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin held in February 1945 to plan the final stages of World War II and postwar arrangements |
| Holocaust | The systematic murder of millions of European Jews and others deemed undesirable by Nazi Germany |
| Cold War | The political and economic confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States that dominated world affairs from 1946 to 1989 |
| Marshall Plan | The European Recovery Program (1948-1951) that provided U.S. economic assistance to European nations; named for Secretary of State George Marshall |
| Berlin Blockade | A 300-day Soviet blockade of land access to U.S., British, and French occupation zones in Berlin, 1948-1949 |
| National Security Council Paper 68 (NSC-68) | Policy statement that committed the United States to a military approach to the Cold War |
| Containment | The policy of resisting further expansion of the Soviet bloc through diplomacy and, if necessary, military action, developed in 1947-1948 |
| Levittown | Any of three large suburban housing developments built in New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey in the late 1940s and 1950s |
| Redlining | Restricting mortgage credit and insurance for properties in neighborhoods defined as being high risk |
| Dixiecrats | Southern Democrats who broke from the party in 1948 over the issue of civil rights and ran a presidential ticket as the States’ Rights Democrats |
| House Committee on Un-American Activities | Congressional committee (1938-1975) that investigated suspected Nazi and Communist sympathizers |
| McCarthyism | Anti-Communist attitudes and actions associated with Senator Joe McCarthy in the early 1950s, including smear tactics and innuendo |
| GI Bill of Rights | Legislation in June 1944 that eased the return of veterans into American society by providing educational and employment benefits |
| Taft-Hartley Act | Federal legislation of 1947 that substantially limited the tools available to labor unions in labor-management disputes |
| Truman Doctrine | President Harry Truman’s statement in 1947 that the United States should assist other nations that were facing external pressure or internal revolution; an important step in the escalation of the Cold War |
| Warsaw Pact | Military alliance of the Soviet Union and Communist nations of Eastern Europe from 1955 to 1989 |
| NATO | Military alliance of the United States, Canada, and European nations created in 1949 to protect Europe against possible Soviet aggression |
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