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handwriting/fingerpr
quiz review memorization
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a questioned document? | A document with hand/type written marks whose authenticity is in doubt (ex: ransom notes, business records, car rental receipts) |
| With what do investigators compare a questioned document to? | Exemplars: known samples that are used for comparison. They must be as similar as possible to the questioned document |
| How are exemplars obtained? | Court ordered; either Voluntary or Involuntary. Voluntary exemplars are dictated in-person writing sessions, while involuntary exemplars are existing documents |
| What guidelines should be followed when obtaining a writing sample to minimize deception? (LIST THREE) | - many pages of writing - writing set dictation - write dictated text at least 3 times |
| What types of factors can affect our handwriting? | - copying examples of letters as a child --> leads to class characteristics - individual nerve and motor skills when writing becomes subconscious--> leads to individual characteristics |
| 1st 3 characteristics of handwriting? | 1) line quality- smooth and free flowing, or shaky and nervous 2) Spacing of words and letters: examine the avg amount of space between words and letters. consistency? 3) Ratio of relative height, width, size of letters |
| 2nd 3 characteristics of handwriting? | 4) Pen lifts and separations: forgeries may have pen lifts in unusual places 5) Connecting strokes: compare how capital letters are connected to lowercase letters 6) Beginning and ending strokes: compare how the writer beings word and how they end word |
| 3rd 3 characteristics of handwriting? | 7) Unusual letter formation 8) Shading or pen pressure 9) Slant |
| 4th 3 characteristics of handwriting? | 10)Baseline habits: does it follow a straight line or does it move downward or upward? 11) Flourishes or embellishments: are there any fancy letters, curls, loops, circles, underlines? 12) Placement of diacritics: crossing of t's and dotting of i's |
| What are some difficulties in comparing handwriting? | - insufficient number of known writings available - natural style is disguised - QD only contains a few words - QD is written in a crude manner - QD is written in an unnatural form |
| What did Gilbert v California uphold? | - handwriting exemplars before appointment of counsel (a lawyer) are legal - handwriting samples are identifying characteristics that lie outside the 5th amendment |
| Define forgery. | An item prepared with the intent to deceive |
| What are the three types of forgery? | blind- one made without a model of the signature being forged simulated- one made by copying a real signature with a model traced: made by tracing a real signature using a light box, tracing hard over a real signature & tracing the indentation. |
| What are tell-tale signs of forgery? | - shaky handwriting, more pen lifts than usual, inconsistent spacing between letters,signs of hesistation |
| What machine is vital in handwriting analysis? (hint: acronym) | ESDA |
Created by:
26JuCal1