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FSC105 Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the definition of blood spatter? | The pattern of blood stains left on surfaces after a violent incident created when force acts upon a blood source |
| How do we collect gunshot residue? | GSR stubs |
| What are GSR stubs? | A collection of potential primer residue on an item using stub |
| Do we collect DNA or fingerprint first? | DNA to prevent contamination |
| Have two individuals ever been known to have the same fingerprint? | No |
| What is a latent fingerprint? | A fingerprint that is invisible to the naked eye and must be enhanced to be seen and compared |
| What are ridge patterns? | The unique pattern of loops, whorls, or arches that makeup an individual's fingerprint |
| What is AFIS? | Automated fingerprint identification systems |
| What is an example of a patent print? | A fingerprint in blood |
| What are 2 methods of fingerprint development? | Fingerprint powder - Applied to surface with a brush and and sticks to the residue left behind by oils on hands Iodine fuming - item to be printed is placed in a cabinet with iodine crystals and heated |
| How can fingerprints be preserved? | Photographs should be taken before any other attempts to preserve fingerprint, small objects may collected as is, prints on larger objects can be lifted with tape and placed on a hard background |
| In what type of court does a criminalist testify? | Grand jury and trial court |
| What is the definition of probative? | Proves or disproves a fact |
| Define two people in a courtroom during a trial? | Judge - bench trial Jury - Jury trial |
| What is of witness is forensic scientist? | An expert witness |
| What do you say when questioned about an area you are not specialized in? | "That is outside of my area of expertise." |
| What is subpoena? | A court order for the named person to appear as a witness in that court at a specified day and time |
| Why is a pretrial important? | Failure to prepare can negatively impact the case by taking away the opportunity to make sure all evidence is accurate |
| Who questions the witness in direct examination? | The attorney who issued the subpoena |
| How is mDNA inherited? | Maternally |
| which colors indicate the presence of lead while testing? | Purple - confirmatory Bright pink - needs further screening |
| What are two qualities of an effective witness? | Competent and prepared |
| ______ is for the expert, ________ is for the attorney | Objectivity, advocacy |
| What is the difference between screening and confirmatory tests? | Screening tests show that the substance you are looking for MAY be present, confirmatory testing confirms the substance is there |
| Evidence collection | Any item with moisture should be placed in paper bags or envelopes. Collect biologicals, latent fingerprints, larger impression evidence (footwear or tires), bulky items (furniture) |
| What are the three fundamental principals of fingerprints? | A fingerprint is an individual characteristic, a fingerprint remains unchanged during an individuals lifetime, and fingerprints have general ridge patterns that permit them to be systematically classified |
| Testing scheme for sexual assault evidence | Adult-consent, information about assault and activities since, patients narrative, body diagrams for documentation, physical results and list of items collected, patient discharge information Child-same but no patient narrative and guardian involvement |
| Define and vicarious trauma and burnout | VT - process of psychological change resulting from empathic engagement with trauma survivors Burnout - a syndrome resulting from chronic, unmanaged workplace stress |
| How do burnout and vicarious trauma relate to forensic scientists? | Burnout and vicarious trauma is a high risk for forensic scientists due to exposure to graphic evidence and intense pressure, can cause emotional exhaustion and detachment |
| List one way each glass, paint, and soil can be important to forensic investigations. | Glass - fragments will break off from main glass and can attach to suspect Paint - paint chips off easily and wet paint can preserve fingerprints and footprints Soil - may be transferred between scenes by perpetrator or stuck in shoes or clothing |
| Define forensic science | The application of science as it pertains to the law |
| What are criminalists most concerned with? | Biologicals (serology) |
| Why are criminalists considered generalists? | They do not specialize in any area and know enough about everything. they work with biologicals, chemicals, and physical evidence |
| What is Locard's exchange principal? | Every contact leaves a trace |
| What are the two main duties of a forensic scientist? | analyze evidence and testify in court |
| Define physical evidence | Any and all objects that can establish that a crime has or has not been committed and can link a crime and its perpetrator |
| In order for physical evidence to be useful, it must first be ____ | Relevant and in good condition |
| List three types of crime scenes | Indoor, outdoor, vehicle |
| Which type of documentation must always be done on scene? | Notetaking and photographs |
| What is the scientific name for skin cells? | Keratinocyte |
| What are the three stages of hair growth? | anagen, catagen, telogen |
| What are three parts of the hair shaft? | Cuticle, cortex, medulla |
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