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ochem exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| saponification is an example of | basic hydrolysis |
| what functional group are triglycerides | esters |
| formal charge = | # of VE - (unshared electrons - half of shared electrons) |
| 4 classes of biomolecules | 1. proteins 2. carbs 3. lipids 4. nucleic acids |
| chiral | nonsuperimposable mirror images |
| enantiomer | chiral molecules that reflect light differently and have different biological activities |
| stereoisomer | compounds with the same formula and atoms with the same connections but different spatial arrangements |
| disteromers | isomers that are not mirror images (ex: aldose and glucose) |
| reducing sugars | carbs that react with mild oxidizing agents |
| epomers | 2 sugars that differ at 1 chiral center |
| anomeric carbon | acts as the carbonyl when open and forms a hemi-acetal when closed |
| denaturation | loss of secondary tertiary and quaternary structure |
| methods of denaturation | heat, chemical methods, detergents, pH change, mechanical agitation, organic compounds |
| 3 types of strain | 1. angle - molecule has an angle it shouldn't 2. steric - two large groups occupying the same space 3. torsional - rotating or twisting the molecule |
| peptide bond = | amine + carboxylic acid |
| N terminal is on the _______; C terminal on the __________ | left; right |
| primary structure | sequence of amino acids connected by peptide bonds |
| secondary structure | organization of protein chains (Alpha helix and beta pleated sheets) |
| tertiary structure | the way a protein coils and folds into a 3D shape |
| quaternary structure | the way two or more proteins aggregate; held together by noncovalent interactions |
| OH on the left ---> OH on the right ---> | points up points down |
| α β | OH down (opposite the CH2OH) OH up |
| Aldehydes and ketones react reversibly with alcohols to yield | hemiacetals |
| hemiacetals reach with alcohols and the loss of H2O to yield | acetals |
| glycosides | acetals formed by the reaction of glucose or other cyclic hemiacetals with alcohol |
| polyunsaturated fatty acids | have more than one carbon carbon double bond |
| wax | mix of fatty acid long chain alcohol esters |
| sterols | structure is based on a tetracyclic carbon skeleton |
| naturally occurring monounsaturated fatty acids are | cis |
| cellulose is glucose joined by _____ links in ________ conformation | β-1,4 ; chair |
| starch is glucose joined by ________ links | α 1,4 |
| properties of triacyglycerols | nonpolar + hydrophobic, no ionic charges, solid fats are saturated and liquid oils are unsaturated |
Created by:
kingsleya27