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A+P Exam #3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Disaccharides are one type of | carbohydrate |
| Triglycerides and steroids are both examples of | lipids |
| A nonessential amino acid is one that | can be made within the body |
| Vitamins A, D, E, and K are | fat soluble |
| Inorganic ions such as sodium and potassium are | minerals |
| Iron is considered a | trace mineral, because less than 100 milligrams are required daily in the diet. |
| Cellulose is a type of ________ from plants that remains in the GI tract as fiber and aids in the movement of material through the tract. | carbohydrate |
| MyPlate depicts fruits and vegetables occupying ________ of the plate. | one-half |
| During the absorptive state, insulin release is | stimulated |
| Insulin causes adipose tissue to | inhibit lipolysis and stimulate lipogenesis |
| Compared to other types of lipoproteins, very-low-density lipoproteins contain the ________ lipid | most |
| High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are associated with the transport of lipid from the | peripheral tissues to the liver |
| Metabolic rate is a measurement of the | energy used in a given period of time. |
| When an individual is exposed to cold temperatures, total metabolic rate | increases |
| Frostbite results from peripheral ________ due to exposure to cold temperatures | vasoconstriction |
| What is the correct sequence of organs for the formation and elimination of urine? | Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra |
| Which is not a function of the kidneys? | Regulation of lymphocyte production |
| Which of the following choices lists structures in the order in which urine flows through them? | Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis |
| The thick tangle of capillary loops found within a corpuscle is known as the | glomerulus |
| Fluid contained within the lumen of a nephron loop is called | tubular fluid |
| In the process of urine formation, first | filtrate is formed, then tubular fluid, then urine. |
| How are the processes of reabsorption and secretion related? | Materials move in opposite directions: reabsorption moves materials into the blood, whereas secretion removes them from the blood. |
| The units for measurement of glomerular filtration rate are | liters per minute |
| If the filtration membrane were made more porous, how would you expect the glomerular filtration rate to change? | Increase |
| If there is an increase in systemic blood pressure, the resulting stretch of afferent arterioles results in reflexive | vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles to keep GFR normal |
| The hormone ANP is released from the heart and causes the urinary system to | increase urine volume and decrease blood volume |
| Dehydration results in | increased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption |
| Generally, most water reabsorption in a nephron occurs at the | proximal convoluted tubule and is called obligatory water reabsorption |
| Careful measurements of GFR are made by injection of ________, but approximations of GFR can be made more simply by measuring renal plasma clearance of ________. | inulin; creatinine |
| At which stage of life is the percentage of fluid in the human body highest? | Infancy |
| A comparison of the two major body fluid compartments reveals that | two-thirds of the total fluid is within our cells and one-third is outside our cells |
| Drinking a liter of water will cause the osmolarity of blood plasma to | decrease |
| If someone runs a marathon through a desert while eating pretzels and not drinking water, their plasma osmolarity | rises and becomes hypertonic to the interstitial and intracellular fluid compartments |
| Water lost through feces is considered ________ water loss | sensible, obligatory |
| Renal failure would likely lead to | volume excess |
| Diabetes mellitus, profuse sweating, not drinking enough water, and hyposecretion of ADH can each lead to | dehydration |
| The molecule HCl is an example of a(n) | electrolyte |
| The hormone ANP | increases urine output and decreases blood volume |
| The most abundant cation within cells is | Potassium |
| How are sodium levels and blood pressure related? | Increased plasma sodium levels increase water retention, blood volume, and blood pressure. |
| Increases in secretion of the hormone ADH cause sodium concentration in the blood plasma to | decrease |
| The stimuli that trigger the release of ADH are | low blood pressure, low blood volume, and high blood osmolarity. |
| If someone begins to hyperventilate due to anxiety, the CO2 concentration in their blood decreases; this causes ________ in blood pH | an increase |
| If a physiologic condition resulted in blood pH reaching 7.2, but then physiological buffering systems brought the pH to 7.4, that increase in pH would be called | compensation |
| Puberty is initiated when a region of the brain begins secreting | gonadotropin-releasing hormone |
| What structure forms from the remnants of the follicle following ovulation? | Corpus luteum |
| Throughout childhood, primary oocytes are arrested in | prophase I |
| What is the correct order for the phases of the ovarian cycle, beginning with day 1? | Follicular, ovulation, luteal |
| Ovulation is induced by a peak in the secretion of | LH |
| Which is not a uterine function? | Usual site of fertilization |
| Sperm are produced in the | seminiferous tubules |
| Which is not true about spermatogenesis? | Spermatogenesis begins at birth and continues throughout a man's life. |
| The acrosome cap contains | enzymes to allow penetration into the oocyte. |
| Where are spermatozoa stored until they are fully mature? | Epididymis |
| When comparing gamete production in males and females, males produce | more gametes that are smaller in size |
| Which gland secretes a fluid containing fructose? | Seminal vesicle |
| The changes that occur in a woman's body at menopause are due to | reduced levels of estrogen and progesterone |
| Which is not considered to be a change associated with aging in males? | Termination of spermatogenesis |
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