Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Microbio L16-17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sinusitis and rhinitis | Runny, clogged nose |
| Pharyngitis | Sore throat |
| Epiglottitis | Breathing difficulty |
| Laryngitis | Lost voice |
| Tracheitis and Bronchitis | Wheezing |
| Common symptoms of the RT | Many respiratory infections share some (if not all) of the same symptoms Dyspnea (shortness of breath) Sneezing Coughing Fatigue Sore throat Runny nose Stridor (wheezing) Fever (if infected) |
| Colds (acute respiratory infection) | Most common Spread by droplets and fomites |
| Colds symtpoms | Runny nose, sneezing, coughing, fatigue, loss of appetite, low fever Symptoms all similar, but severity differs |
| Cold symptoms and more stuff | Self limiting Treatment = rest Mostly not severe, but economic impact No vaccine yet (too many types) |
| More severe colds Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) | Can cause severe pneumonia and high fevers in infants and elderly |
| Influenza | Types: A is most common and severe, B can be difficult, C is rare Spread by droplets and fomites |
| Influenza symptoms | Same as colds, but with pneumonia More debilitating, takes longer to recover |
| Influenza strains named after what | named after HA and NA protein |
| Influenza Treatment | Attenuated vaccine 4 different strains Depending on the year |
| SARS-CoV-1 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Emerged from bats in SE asia- 2003 human to human spread Kills 10-20% of those infects |
| MERS- CoV | Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Emerged from camels in Saudi Arabia in 2012, human to human spread not common Kills 30-40% of those infects |
| SARS- CoV-2 | Emerged from ??bats?? In China in 2019 Highlight contagious, easy human to human spread ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome Intubation Many vaccine options (in US: mRNA is common) Will likely circulate seasonally |
| SARS- CoV-2 symptoms | Severe pneumonia, damage to lung tissue |
| Strep throat | Spread by droplets from asymptomatic carriers Non-viral pharyngitis (with some sinusitis) Rarely: develop rash and scarlet fever Pus in throat, cough usually absent |
| Strep throat treatment | Treated with antibiotics |
| Diphtheria | Infects upper respiratory tract and skin Toxins that kill cells in RT |
| Diphtheria symtpoms | Severe neck swelling, pseudomembranes block airways Weakness, dyspnea, eventually coma Death in 10% treated, 50% untreated |
| Diphtheria treatment | Treated with antibiotics, serum to neutralize toxin Vaccine against diphtheria toxin in common use DTaP and Tdap |
| Pertussis (whooping cough) | Symptoms caused by pertussis toxin |
| Pertussis (whooping cough) 3 stages | 3 Stages (3-4 months total) Cold-like with no fever Severe coughing attacks (paroxysms) Cause rib fracture, eye bleeding, vomiting Convalescence |
| Pertussis treatment | Vaccine (DTaP) Brief reemergence in teens Discovered a booster is necessary Tdap |
| Tuberculosis (TB) | Acid fast Leading cause of infectious death (before Covid) Killed 1.4 million 2019 Rates decreasing by 2% a year |
| TB symptoms | Fever, cough with blood, sweating, weight loss |
| TB Treatment | Vaccine (BCG) used only in areas of active spread Tuberculin skin test for screening X-rays also used for screening Separates latent from active cases Antibiotics used (isoniazid), but resistance is emerging |
| 2 Typical pneumonias | 1. Pneumococcal 2. HIB |
| Pneumococcal | Can spread to blood Vaccines exist (children and elderly) |
| HIB | Severe in children, can spread to brain Vaccines work extremely well Down to 50 cases in US a year |
| 1 human to human atypical pneumonia 1 animal to human atypical pneumonia | 1. Mycoplasma pneumoniae 2. Coxiella burnettii |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | • Walking pneumonia, more mild • No cell wall |
| Coxiella burnettii | • Q fever • From livestock droppings |
| Fungal Respiratory infections | Fungi are commonly opportunistic pathogens Few (if any) issues for healthy people Mostly spread via spores Depends on the environment Treated with antifungal drugs |
| Fungal Respiratory infections are Danger for | immunocompromise people |
| Dimorphic | different shapes in environment vs in host |
| 2 Ubiquitous Respiratory fungal infections | 1. Aspergillos 2. Pneuomocystis Pneumonia |
| Colds is caused by | Rhinoviruses |
| Influenza is caused by | Influenze viruses |
| Coronavirus is caused by | Sars CoV 2 |
| Strep throat is caused by | S. pyogenes |
| Diphtheria is caused by | C. diphtheriae |
| Pertussis is caused by | B. Pertussis |
| Tuberculosis is caused by | M. Tuberculosis |
| Pneumococcal is caused by | S. Pneumoniae |
| HiB is caused by | H. Influenzae |
| Asperigillosis is caused by | Aspergillus |
| Pneumocystis Pneumonia is caused by | P. jirovecii |
| 3 Skin defenses | Keratin: waterproofing, hard for microbes to break down Melanin: UV protection, some antibacterial properties Perspiration: acidic, high salt, wash away, lysosome |
| 2 Skin defenses | Sebum: oil, commensals eat and make toxic byproducts Microbiome: takes up space and nutrients |
| Lesion and what its caused by | any abnormality on the skin Caused by infections, cancers, various diseases, physical damage |
| Primary lesion | caused by a specific disease/cause |
| Secondary lesion | develops from a physical cause, or from a primary lesion |
| Vesicles | small raised lesions fill with fluid |
| Macules | lat discoloration (rash) |
| Papules | raised and solid, not filled with liquid (wart) |
| Pustules | raised lesions filled with white/green liquid (pus) (like a zit) |
| Cysts | raised and fluid filled, but occur in deeper layers of the skin |
| Maculopapular rash- | small slightly raised papule lesions that overlay or are interspersed with macules |
| Chicken Pox | Spread via droplets, highly contagious Mild, potentially fatal for immune compromised Vaccine available |
| Chicken Pox Symptoms | Fever, itchy red vesicular rash (mostly on trunk) |
| How does chicken pox turn into shingles | Shingles VZV can go latent, hiding in nerve endings Once immune system is weakened, VZV reemerges Usually when elderly Shingles Use booster shots to keep immunity strong |
| Shingles symptoms | Localized painful rash, no fever Post- neuralgia: chronic pain |
| Staph infections | Caused by s. aureus. CATALASE POSITIVE Part of normal microbiota, but can become pathogenic when skin is damaged |
| Impetigo | epidermal infection, common in children, pustules and vesicles on face, topical antibiotics |
| Cellulitis | dermal and fat infection, common in adults, macular rash with ulcer infections, oral antibiotics |
| Antibiotic resistant S. aureus | Lactums used to treat infections Some S. aureus is resistant (particularly to methicillin) MRSA So vancomycin used to treat MRSA Now some S. aureus is vancomycin resistant VRSA Very difficult to treat |
| Strep skin infection | Streptococcus pyogenes (Gram+ sphere, CATALASE NEGATIVE) Can cause impetigo and cellulitis too |
| Necrotizing fasciitis | (flesh-eating disease) |
| Strep skin infection symptoms | Swelling, heat, red/black dying skin layers Treated with antibiotics and debridement 40% fatal |
| Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome | When toxins released into blood, organ failure Improper tampon usage |
| Staph is catalase ______, while strep is catalase ______ | Staph = Positive :D Strep = Negative D: |
| Smallpox | Spray via droplets, highly contagious 30% mortality Eradicated, vaccine exists |
| Smallpox symptoms | Vesicular and pustular rash on limbs (not trunk), high fever Permanent scarring |
| Measles | Caused by measles virus Spread via droplets, highly contagious Even before symptoms arise Starts at face, then spreads Potential to induce blindness |
| Measles symptoms | Fever, sore throat, Koplik spots, maculopapular rash |
| Measles treatment | Vaccine exists (MMR) ¼ requires hospitalization, 1 in 500 die Kills immune cells, immune amnesia |
| Cutaneous Candidiasis | Comes from damp, friction prone skin “Diaper rash" Common in diabetic patients Itchy, burning macular rash Avoid friction, dry your skin |
| Cutaneous Candidiasis treatment | Topical antifungal creams |
| Tinea (ringworm) | Dermatophytes: break down skin, hair, and nails Start from abrasions and moisture Macular rash with flakes, itchy |
| Tinea (ringworm) treatment | Topical antifungals |
| Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) | Inflammation of conjunctiva Redness, swelling, itchy, some discharge Self limiting |
| Virus causative symptom | clear discharge |
| Bacteria causative symptom | yellow/green discharge |
| ***Viral conjunctivitis typically causes watery discharge, intense itching, and often accompanies a cold, whereas bacterial conjunctivitis produces thick yellow/green discharge, leading to crusty eyelids, especially in the morning. | |
| ***Viral infections usually affect one eye before spreading to both, while bacterial infections are often associated with sticky eyelids | |
| Chicken pox causative agent | Varicella zoster virus (VZV) |
| Shingles causative agent | VZV |
| Strep throat causative agent | S. pyogenes |
| Staph causative agent | S. aureus |
| Strep skin infections causative agent | S. pyogenes |
| Measles causative agent | measles virus |
| Impetigo causative agent | From Staph so..... S. aureus |
| Necrotizing fasciitis causative agent | From Strep skin infection so... S. pyogenes |
| Cutaneous candidiasis causative agent | B. antracis |
| Tinea causative agent | Trichophyton and Microsporum |
| Acne | Main cause is gram+ Clogged pores become anaerobic, sebum is nutritional Topical treatments reduce clogs and bacteria Oral retinoids reduce sebum Some light and heat therapies Biofilm formation so difficult to fully remove |
| Acne causative agent | P. acnes |
| Conjuctivitis causative agent virus | adenoviruses, herpesviruses |
| Conjuctivitis causative agent bacteria | mostly upper respiratory pathogens |
Created by:
liladdoyle