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310
Exam 3 Lecture 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| __________ law says the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressure that each gas would exert independently | Dalton's |
| Air contains _______% of O2 | 20.93 |
| Air contains _______% of CO2 | 0.03% |
| Air contains ________% of N2 | 79.04% |
| The pressure of gas= fractional composition of ______ x ______________ pressure | gas x atmospheric |
| ___________ ______________ drives movement of gas across tissue, and dissolving gas in blood | Partial Pressure |
| There is _________ barometric pressure at higher altitudes | Lower |
| Pulmonary circulation has _______ rate of blood flow as systemic circulation but ____________ pressure | same, lower |
| When upright, most of the blood flow is to the ____________ of the lung | Base |
| During exercise, blood is now directed to the ____________ of the lungs | Apex |
| Light exercise _____________ V/Q ratio | increases |
| Heavy exercise results in V/Q __________ | Inequality |
| 1 hemoglobin can carry ____ O2 molecules | 4 |
| 1 g of hemoglobin can carry ____g of O2 | 1.34g |
| ____% of CO2 is dissolved in the blood | 10% |
| ___% of CO2 is bound to HB | 20% |
| ____% of CO2 in blood is bicarbonate | 70% |
| When bicarbonate leaves the erythrocyte it is replaced by _____ | Cl |
| What are the two respiratory centers in the brainstem that control frequency and depth of breathing? | Medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and pontine respiratory center in the pons |
| Non-blood borne stimuli, higher brain centers, afferent feedback from muscles are examples of _________ ___________ for feedback to the respiratory centers | Neural Input |
| Blood borne stimuli, central and peripheral chemoreceptors are examples of ___________ _______________ that assist in feedback to the respiratory centers | Humoral Chemoreceptors |
| The central chemoreceptor is located in the __________ ____________ | Medulla Oblongata |
| The central chemoreceptor is sensitive to increases in ______ | PCO2 |
| The peripheral chemoreceptor are located in _________ ___________ and ________ __________ | Carotid bodies; aortic bodies |
| The peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies are sensitive to increase in ________, decreases in ___&_____, increases in ____, _____ and _________ ___________ | PCO2, pH& PO2, K+, NE & Body temperature |
| The peripheral chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies are sensitive to increases in ______ and decreases in ____ | PCO2, pH |
| ______ (small or large) increases in PCO2 trigger an increase in ventilation | Small |
| Decreases in PO2 have ____________ (small or large) effect on ventilation | Small |
| During exercise the initial drive to increase ventilation is attributed to ______ _________ | Neural input |
| During exercise ventilatory responses are fine tuned by _________ and ____________ feedback | Neural and humoral |
| When you move from rest to steady state exercise VE... | Increases rapidly then slower to rise in steady state |
| At the onset of exercise alveolar ventilation ________ (does/ doesn't) match metabolic activity due to the drop in _______ and the rise in _________ | Doesn't; PO2, PCO2 |
| When you exercise in a hot/humid environment the PCO2 ______ (does or doesn't) change | Doesn't |
| When you exercise in a hot/humid environment the VE ________ _________ | Drifts upwards |
| When you exercise in a hot/humid environment your VE changes due to increase in __________ __________ and ________ levels which stimulate carotid bodies | Blood temperature and NE levels |
| During an incremental exercise test the VE increases _____________ then ____________ | Linearly, exponentially |
| During an incremental exercise test when the VE increases exponentially this is known as the _________ ___________ | Ventilatory Threshold |
| The VE threshold is ________ in trained people | Higher |
| Decrease in pH causes the ___________ ___________ in VE | Exponential Increase |
| During incremental exercise the PO2 ______________ | Decreases |
| Athletes experience hypoexmia, which is PO2 ________ at maximal effort | Drops |
| The lungs ____ _____ adapt to exercise training | Do not |
| How much does PO2 drop during hypoxemia? | 30-40mmHg |
| _________ _________ is a measure of how often a particular event happens in one group compared to how often it happens in another group over time | Hazard Ratio |
| ________ is the dose of exercise required to bring about desired effect | Potency |
| _______ is how much change in effect is obtained from increase in dose of exercsie | Slope |
| ______ _________ is maximal benefits achieved from exercise | Maximal effect |
| ___________ is genetic differences that exist between between people in their response to exercise training | Variability |
| ________ _________ like drugs, too much exercise can have undesirable side effects such as increased risk of injury or overtraining | Side effects |
| Gains in cardiorespiratory fitness may plateau after ___ sessions/week | 4 |
| _______= (max HR- resting HR) | HRR |
| _________= (VO2 max- resting VO2) | VO2R |
| Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation is a highly effective form of stretching that combines ____________ stretching with ____________ ____________ | Passive; isometric contractions |
| Should stretch ___-___ days per week | 3-5 |
| What intensity of stretching should you work to? | Point of discomfort |
| You should hold each stretch for ___-___ seconds | 15-30 |
| You should repeat each stretch for __-___ times | 3-5 |
| You should stretch each muscle group for ___ seconds or more | 60 |
Created by:
sschichtel