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6 Enlightenment
6th Grade Enlightenment FITB
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Called the "age of reason" | The Enlightenment |
| What years did the Enlightenment occur? | Approximately 1685-1815 |
| What began the Enlightenment? | The English Civil Wars |
| What ended the Enlightenment? | The Napoleonic Wars |
| What happened during the Enlightenment? | Built new kinds of discussion about the role of science, politics and philosophy. |
| What King was executed during the English Civil Wars? | King Charles I in 1649 and a Commonwealth was established under politician and statesman Oliver Cromwell. |
| What happened to Oliver Cromwell? | Oliver Cromwell started acting like a dictator. Ended up restoring Charles II to the throne. Limits were placed on the monarchy, though. The people had more power. |
| What happened to Charles II? | In 1688, Charles II’s son James II was a Catholic–the Protestant English didn’t like that so in a nonviolent way (threatening a fight but it didn’t come to that) they put his Protestant daughter Mary on the throne ruled with husband William. |
| How did Parliament gain power? | Parliment was increasing its power, representing the “voice of the people.” |
| What was the Bill of Rights? | Signed by William and Mary, the Bill of Rights said that the king or queen was subject to the law . That they were not above it. And laws were made by Parliament– “by the people.” |
| Who was John Locke? What did he write? | English philosopher“Two Treatises on Government”: -Separation of church and state -Religious tolerance -The right to own property -A contract between government and people that the government will recognize the God-given “rights” of the people |
| Who was Thomas Hobbes? What did he write? | English philosopher who wrote the Leviathan. Enlightenment thinkers often looked back to ancient Greece and the Roman Republic as a better way of governing. |
| What was written in the Leviathan? | In The Leviathan, Hobbes wrote that the key to unlocking personal happiness was to rethink the way society and government interacted. A better relationship between these two would mean increased happiness for everyone. |
| Who was Jean Jacques Rousseau? What did he write? | French philosopher who wrote "The Social Contract". |
| What was written in "The Social Contract"? | Wrote that man was born rational and free but that government’s rules for society messed them up and confused them. Best societies were ones in which the people decided the rule of law. Radical idea! Revolutions are going to be based on this... |
| What writings inspired the leaders of the American Revolution? | They read Rousseau, Locke, and Hobbes and believed that they could form a government based on these and ancient Greek and Roman Republican principles. The Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson is a combination of these writings. |
| What inspired the French Revolution? | Inspired by the American Revolution and Enlightenment and: -Hungry French people -Buissness people and merchants (bourgeoisie) who had education and money but little access to power -Extreme wealth and privilege of the aristocracy |
| What was the bloodiest Revolution of all time? | French Revolution was the bloodiest revolution of the time. Overthrew the French monarchy and aristocracy. |
Created by:
lauraneal