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Human Body
Key Terms & Definitions for Human Body Unit
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alveoli | the saclike structures in the lungs where gas exchange takes place |
| antibody | a protein made by B cells that binds to a specific antigen |
| artery | a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
| atria | the upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from veins and empty into the ventricles |
| axon | an elongated extension of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body |
| bone marrow | the tissue in the hollow part of the bone where blood cells are produced |
| alveoli | the saclike structures in the lungs where gas exchange takes place |
| antibody | a protein made by B cells that binds to a specific antigen |
| bronchi | the tubes in the respiratory system that serve as the airways connecting the trachea to the lungs |
| artery | a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
| capillary | a very thin blood vessel that connects arteries and veins |
| atria | the upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from veins and empty into the ventricles |
| cardiac muscle | the striated, involuntary muscle found only in the heart |
| axon | an elongated extension of a neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body |
| cardiovascular system | a collection of organs that transport blood throughout the body |
| bone marrow | the tissue in the hollow part of the bone where blood cells are produced |
| cartilage | a flexible connective tissue |
| brain | organ that is the main control center of the nervous system |
| bronchi | the tubes in the respiratory system that serve as the airways connecting the trachea to the lungs |
| capillary | a very thin blood vessel that connects arteries and veins |
| cardiac muscle | the striated, involuntary muscle found only in the heart |
| cardiovascular system | a collection of organs that transport blood throughout the body |
| cartilage | a flexible connective tissue |
| chyme | a soupy mixture of food, enzymes, and acid produced by digestion in the stomach and released into the small intestine |
| compact bone | the strong, dense outer layer of a bone |
| connective tissue | a type of tissue that functions mainly for support and binding tissues and organs together |
| dendrite | branchlike extension of a neuron that receives impulses from neighboring neurons |
| digestion | the breakdown of food into simpler forms that can be used by cells |
| digestive system | the organs that break down food so that it can be used by the body |
| endocrine system | a collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and homeostasis |
| enzyme | a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction |
| esophagus | a tube-like structure that connects the throat to the stomach |
| gallbladder | a sac-shaped organ that stores bile produced by the liver |
| homeostasis | the state of maintaining a stable internal environment despite changing external conditions |
| immune system | the cells and tissues that recognize and attack foreign substances in the body |
| immunity | the ability to resist or recover from an infectious disease |
| integumentary system | the organ system that forms a protective covering on the outside of the body |
| involuntary muscle | a type of muscle that is not controlled by the organism |
| joint | the point where two or more bones come together |
| kidney | one of the organs that filter water and wastes from the blood, excrete products in urine, and regulate the concentration of certain substances in the blood |
| larynx | the structure connecting the pharynx to the trachea; also known as the voice box |
| ligament | a connective tissue that holds bones together |
| liver | the largest organ in the body; it makes bile, stores and filters blood, and stores excess sugars as glycogen. |
| lymphatic system | a network of organs and tissues that collect the fluid that leaks from the blood and returns it to blood vessels |
| muscular system | the organ system whose primary function is movement and flexibility |
| nephron | the functional unit of the kidney where blood is filtered and urine is produced |
| nerve | a collection of nerve fibers through which impulses travel between the central nervous system and other parts of the body |
| nervous system | the structures that control the actions and reactions of the body in response to stimulus from the environment |
| neuron | a nerve cell that is specialized to receive and conduct electrical impulses |
| organ | a group of tissues that work together to perform a common function |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform a common function |
| pancreas | the organ that lies behind the stomach and that makes digestive enzymes and hormones that regulate sugar levels |
| pathogen | an agent that can cause infection and disease |
| peristalsis | the involuntary movement of the muscles that move food through the digestive tract |
| respiration | the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment through the processes of breathing and cellular respiration |
| pharynx | the structure connecting the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx; also known as the throat |
| respiratory system | a collection of organs whose primary function is to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide |
| plasma | the fluid part of blood |
| saliva | a liquid released in the mouth that aids in digestion villi |
| platelets | the cell fragments in blood that help in blood clotting |
| skeletal muscle | a striated, voluntary muscle that is attached to bones and helps the body move |
| red blood cells | a type of blood cell that carries oxygen throughout the body |
| respiration | the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between living cells and their environment through the processes of breathing and cellular respiration |
| respiratory system | a collection of organs whose primary function is to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide |
| smooth muscle | a nonstriated, involuntary muscle found in internal organs |
| spinal cord | a column of nerve tissue running from the base of the brain through the vertebral column |
| spongy bone | the lightweight, inner layer of a bone that contains many small spaces |
| saliva | a liquid released in the mouth that aids in digestion villi |
| stomach | the saclike, digestive organ that is between the esophogus and the small intestine that breaks down food by the action of muscles, enzymes, and acids. |
| skeletal muscle | a striated, voluntary muscle that is attached to bones and helps the body move |
| skeletal system | the organ system whose primary function is to support and protect the body and to allow the body to move |
| smooth muscle | a nonstriated, involuntary muscle found in internal organs |
| spinal cord | a column of nerve tissue running from the base of the brain through the vertebral column |
| spongy bone | the lightweight, inner layer of a bone that contains many small spaces |
| stomach | the saclike, digestive organ that is between the esophogus and the small intestine that breaks down food by the action of muscles, enzymes, and acids. |
| striated | marked with stripes |
| tendon | a type of connective tissue that links muscles to bones |
| urinary system | the organs that make, store, and remove urine from the body |
| tissue | a group of cells that work together to perform a common function |
| urine | the liquid waste produced by the kidney and stored by the bladder |
| trachea | the structure connecting the larynx to the lungs; also known as the windpipe |
| valve | a structure within the body that ensures the flow of a fluid is only in one direction |
| ureter | a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder |
| urethra | a tube through which urine stored in the bladder is excreted from the body |
| urinary system | the organs that make, store, and remove urine from the body |
| urine | the liquid waste produced by the kidney and stored by the bladder |
| valve | a structure within the body that ensures the flow of a fluid is only in one direction |
| vein | a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart |
| ventricle | the lower chambers of the heart that receive blood from the atria and push it into the arteries |
| villi | the finger-like structures found in the small intestine that help to absorb digested food |
| voluntary muscle | a type of muscle that is controlled by the organism |
| white blood cells | a type of blood cell that protects against pathogens |
| vaccine | substance that helps your body develop immunity to a disease |
| melanin | a natural pigment produced by cells that is responsible for determining skin, hair, and eye color |
| hemoglobin | an oxygen carrying protein found in red blood cells |
Created by:
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