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Bio ch 56
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 levels of Bio diversity | genetic diversity- variation within a population species diversity- variety of species in an ecosystem ecosystem diversity- variety of ecosystems in the biosphere |
| why is biodiversity important | increases ecosystem stability/resilience helps ecosystems survive disturbances like diseases, climate change provides ecosystem services like food, clean water, oxygeb |
| what's an invasive species | non native species that spread rapidly and harms the environment |
| impacts on invasive species | outcompete native species reduces biodiversity disrupts ecosystem balance |
| what is the extinction vortex | a downward spiral where small populations lose genetic diversity causing inbreeding and lower survival and eventual extinction |
| edge effects and why their beneficial | increased diversity and resources access at boundaries between habitats allows communities to access resources from both adjacent areas |
| movement corridors | strips of habitat connecting isolated populations which allows migration and gene flow |
| endemic species | species found only in one geographic area, high extinction risk |
| how does farming affect the nitrogen cycle | add excess nitrogen (fertilizers) which runs off into rivers and lakes and disrupts ecosystems |
| what happens when nitrogen and phosphorus enters water | eutrophication causing algal blooms and their decomposition cause oxygen depletion and creates a dead zone where life dies |
| what's biological magnification | toxins become more concentrated at higher trophic levels. small organisms eat toxins and large animals eat them and end up with most harmful concentrations |
| conservation strategies | habitat corridors sustainable harvesting protected areas |
| overexploitation | excess harvesting of organisms faster than they can reproduce ex- logging or over fishing |
| what causes global climate change | increases in greenhouse gases like co2, trapping heat in the atmosphere |
| what's the greenhouse effect | heat is trapped by gases in the atmosphere warming earth |
| what is ocean acidification | co2 dissolves In ocean water, forming acid and lowering pH |
| whys ocean acidification harmful | damages organisms that build shells |
| how does climate change affect species distribution | species shift ranges, often toward poles or higher elevations |
| whats coral bleaching | corals lose symbiotic algae due to stress (heat), often leading to death |
| habitat fragmentation and why its harmful | breaking habitats into smaller isolated patches harmful cause it reduces gene flow, increases extinction risk and leads to smaller populations |
| whys over exploitation dangerous | causes rapid population decline which could lead to extinction |
| biggest threat to Biodiversity | habitat loss |
| dead zones | areas of low oxygen in water caused by eutrophication |
| what human activities increase co2 levels | burning fossil fuels deforestation agriculture |
| why does deforestation increase co2 | fewer trees causes less co2 removed by photosynthesis |
| positive feedback loop in climate change | a change that amplifies itself, making warming worse |
| examples of a positive feedback loop in climate change | ice melts, causing less sunlight to be reflected, causing more heat to be absorbed causing more melting |
| how does climate change affect oceans | warmer water causes coral bleaching reduced o2 levels distrusted marine food webs |
| how does climate change affect ecosystems | shifts species ranges alters timing, migration/flowering increases extinction risk |
| what's the ozone layer | a layer in the stratosphere that absorbs harmful UV radiation |
| whys the ozone layer important | protects organisms from DNA damaging UV rays |
| what causes ozone depletion | human-made chemicals, specifically chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), from aerosols and refrigerants |
| how do cfcs damage ozone | they release chlorine that breaks down ozone molecules |
| affects of increased UV radiation | skin cancer DNA damage reduced photosynthesis |
| carbon cycle | fossil fuels/deforestation causes co2 to go up photosynthesis removes co2 |
Created by:
Lilyhowes