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Bio ch 53
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what's population density | number of individuals per unit area or volume |
| 3 dispersion patterns | clumped- most common- resources/social behavior uniform- even spacing- competition/territoriality random- not pattern, rare |
| difference between dispersion and distribution | dispersion- pattern of spacing among individuals in the population distribution- where species is found geographically |
| what increases vs decreases population size | increase- births and immigration decrease- deaths and emigration |
| 3 types of survivorship curves | 1- low early death, hight late death (humans) 2. constant death rate 3. high early death |
| what's per capita birth rate | average births per individual |
| what's exponential growth | rapid growth under ideal conditions (j curve) |
| whats r max | maximum possible growth rate under ideal conditions |
| why does population grow slowly at first | small population size causes few reproducing individuals |
| what does exponential growth not consider | limited resources (carrying capacity) |
| what is carrying capacity | maximum population size an environment can support |
| what's logistic growth | growth slows as population approaches carrying capacity (s curve) |
| in logistic growth what happens to population growth rate when N is much smaller than K and why | its high because resources are abundant and there's little competition |
| in logistic growth what happens to population growth rate when N equals K and why | it slows or levels off because resources become limited and competition increases |
| in logistic growth what happens to population growth rate when N exceeds K and why | its negative and declines because resources are inefficient and death rate increases |
| why do populations crash | resource depletion disease competition environment change |
| do populations stay exactly at K | no, they fluctuate around K |
| why can populations rebound | more resources available and less competition |
| what are r species | small size, short lifespans, many offspring, unstable environments |
| what are k species | few offspring large size long life stable environment |
| what are limiting factors | factors that restrict population growth |
| what are density dependent factors | factors that depend on population size ex- things are stronger as population increases like disease, competition, predation |
| what are density independent factors | affect populations regardless of size ex- weather or natural disasters |
| concept of negative feedback in terms of populations | when a population grows, limiting factors/density increase which slows population growth and keeps it near K |
| hy do predator populations lag behind prey | predators depend on prey which causes them to take time to respond |
| examples of density dependent limiting factors/ how they affect poulation | competition for resources- slows growth territoriality - limits space, less people reproduce disease- spreads faster in dense pops predation- predators +, as prey + toxic waste buildup- harms populations stress- lower reproduction |
Created by:
Lilyhowes