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Chapter 19 SS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What happened to Japan's population between the years of 1872-1925?? | nearly doubled |
| How did Japan compensate for the population problem? | pursued a policy of expansion in the Pacific |
| What did the US and other nations do to Japan in 1924? | banned immigrants from Japan |
| In 1931, Japan seized what body of land? | Manchuria in northeastern China |
| Who was the National Socialists' leader of Germany? | Adolf Hitler |
| What did this German leader want to do? | begin a program of conquest in central and eastern Europe |
| Who was the dictator in Italy during this same time period? | Benito Mussolini |
| What did the Italian leader wish to do? | control the Mediterranean and expand Italy's empire in Africa |
| Define fascism - | a form of government in which a dictator and supporters cooperate to seek more power for their nation, usually at the expense of rights for individuals. |
| Define totalitarian state - | a nation that totally controls the life of its people. |
| Define appeasement - | a policy of giving aggressor nation what they wanted in order to avoid war. |
| Who did the Italians blame for their problems? | the Communists |
| Who did the Germans blame for their problems? | the Jews |
| What did France and Britain allow Germany to annex? | Czechoslovakia |
| Why did Russia not join in the fight against Germany? | They would have been fighting a two-front war. |
| Germany invaded _______ . This caused France and Britain to declare war on Germany. | Poland |
| Define blitzkrieg - | lightning war |
| Why did America decide to fight the Germans before the Japanese? (first 2 of 5) | 1.) The defeat of Germany would leave Japan exposed to overwhelming force, but the defeat of Japan would not end the war. 2.) The US had closer ties with the countries under siege by Germany. |
| Why did America decide to fight the Germans before the Japanese? (last 3-5) | 3.) Germany rather than Japan, posed a bigger threat to the Western hemisphere. 4.) Germany might develop a powerful weapon to use against the Allies. 5.) If Germany forced the Soviet Union out of the war, the Allies wouldn't have a two-front advantage. |
| Who led the forces against the Japanese? | General MacArthur |
| What was the OSRD? | Office of Scientific Research and Development |
| How did the OSRD help the war effort? | came up with many new war weapons |
| List four new weapons that were developed during the war - | Bazooka rocket launcher, proximity fuse, radar, sonar |
| What wast he WPB? | War Production Board |
| Why was the WPB started? | to maximize the production of war material |
| List 5 items that were banned from production because they were not essential to the war effort - | refrigerators, bicycles, beer cans, toothpaste tubes, metal caskets |
| What did the auto industry start producing? | tanks and other things needed for war |
| Name 3 ways the government raised the money they needed to pay for the war - | levied taxes, borrowed money, and sold war bonds in denominations of $25-$10,000. |
| Why did consumer prices soar during the war? | consumer goods became scarce because war goods were being produced instead of consumer goods. |
| What was the OPA? | Office of Price Administration |
| Define rationing - | a system of distributing scarce goods |
| Why was rationing started? | to make sure everyone got a fair share. |
| What 4 items were rationed? | sugar, coffee, gas, fuel oil |
| How did rationing work? | ration books were given to each family, with coupons that could be used to purchase anything. |
| What was the OCD? | Office of Civilian Defense |
| What was the OCD's job? | protect citizens for air attack, enroll them in war-related community activities. |
| Define enemy aliens - | people of Japanese, German, or Italian birth who lived in the US, but not American citizens. |
| How many enemy aliens were in the US? | 900,000 |
| What part of the country was especially affected by the enemy aliens? | the west |
| What happened to the Japanese-Americans in 1942? | 112,000 were sent to special assembly centers |
| How long did the Japanese-Americans have to sell their properties and businesses? | 48 hours |
| Most of these people were _______ . | American citizens |
| What was the American strategy in the Far East? | to get within effective bombing distance of Japan |
| What defeats did the Axis Powers face in Eastern Europe? (3) | 1.) The Soviets freed Leningrad. 2.) They forced the German army at Stalingrad to surrender. 3.) The Soviets broke the enemy lines west of Kiev and entered Poland. |
| On what date did Italy surrender unconditionally? | September 8th, 1943 |
| What group was discriminated against in the west? | Mexican Americans |
| List two military groups women could join. (2) | Women's Auxillary Army Corps (WAAC) Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service (WAVES) |
| What did Rosie the Riveter become? | a national symbol of women's vital role int he war effect. |
| In January, 1944, the Allies were setting up for what important event? | the invasion of Normandy |
| The date June 6, 1944, is also known as _______, and occurred where? | D-Day, The coast of Normandy ,France |
| How many civilians did the Nazi's murder? | 12 million |
| How many Jewish people were murdered? | 6 million |
| What is May 8, 1945 known as? | VE Day (Victory in Europe Day) |
| What happened to Mussolini? | he got captured |
| What happened to Hitler? | he committed suicide |
| List the two worst battles that occurred in the Pacific. (2) | Iwo Jima, Okinawa |
| In these battles the approximate number wounded was _______, and another _________ died. | 40,000 , 15,000 |
| These battles paved the way for what to happen? | the Allies to set up their direct assaults on Japan. |
| What wast he code name for the atomic bomb? | Manhattan Project |
| Name the president that authorized the use of the atomic bomb. | President Truman |
| What was the name of the bomber that dropped the bomb? | Enola Gay |
| The date the first atomic bomb was dropped was _________, 1945, and its intended target was ________. | August 6th, Hiroshima |
| The second atomic bomb was dropped on _________, 1945, and its target was __________. | August 9th, Nagasaki |
| Japan's unconditional surrender occurred on ___________. | August 14th, 1945 |
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