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Bio ch 24

QuestionAnswer
What is speciation? Formation of new species from existing populations
Biological species concept? Species = populations that can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring
Main causes of sympatric speciation? Polyploidy Habitat differentiation Sexual selection
What is sympatric speciation? Speciation without geographic separation
What is allopatric speciation? Speciation due to geographic isolation when gene flow is interrupted when a population is divided into geographically isolated subpopulations driven by prezygotic barriers
Hybrid breakdown? Offspring viable, but future generations weak/sterile postzygotic barrier
Reduced hybrid fertility? Offspring sterile postzygotic barrier
Reduced hybrid viability? Offspring don’t survive well postzygotic barrier
What do postzygotic barriers do? Reduce hybrid viability or reproduction
Gametic isolation? Sperm cannot fertilize egg prezygotic barrier
Mechanical isolation? Incompatible reproductive structures prezygotic barrier
Behavioral isolation? Different mating behaviors prezygotic barrier
Temporal isolation? Breed at different times prezygotic barrier
Habitat isolation? Live in different habitats → don’t meet prezygotic barrier
What do prezygotic barriers do? Prevent mating or fertilization
What is reproductive isolation? Barriers that prevent 2 species from producing offspring
What is sexual selection’s role in speciation? Mate choice differences → reproductive isolation
What is a hybrid zone? Region where two species meet and produce hybrids
What is punctuated equilibrium? Long periods of little change + short bursts of rapid evolution
What is gradualism? Slow, continuous evolution over time
Created by: Lilyhowes
 

 



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