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Period 5 APUSH Rev
Choose the Games that Work Best for You! (Try "Matching"--Better than Quizlet.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What was the Annexation of the Oregon Territory? Define and give approximate date. | A diplomatic resolution of the long-standing border dispute between the U.S. and Britain over the Pacific Northwest. The Oregon Treaty set the border at the 49th parallel, giving the U.S. the present-day Pacific Northwest. Settled 1846. |
| What were the Spot Resolutions? Define and give approximate date. | A challenge by Congressman Abraham Lincoln demanding President Polk identify the exact "spot" where American blood was shed to justify the Mexican-American War. Lincoln argued the attack occurred on Mexican — not American — soil. Introduced 1847. |
| What was the Mexican-American War? Define and give approximate date. | A war between the U.S. and Mexico triggered by the annexation of Texas and a border dispute along the Rio Grande. The U.S. victory resulted in the Mexican Cession — acquiring California, New Mexico, and Arizona. Fought 1846–1848. |
| What was Bleeding Kansas? Define and give approximate date. | Violent conflict in Kansas Territory between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers following the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Both sides flooded the territory to influence its slave/free status, resulting in guerrilla warfare and murders. Occurred 1854–1861. |
| What was the Compromise of 1850? Define and give approximate date. | A series of five bills designed to resolve the crisis over slavery in territory acquired from Mexico. Key provisions included admitting California as a free state and strengthening the Fugitive Slave Law. Passed 1850. |
| What was Fort Sumter? Define and give approximate date. | A federal fort in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, where Confederate forces fired the opening shots of the Civil War after Lincoln announced he would resupply the garrison. Its fall marked the start of armed conflict. April 1861. |
| What was the Emancipation Proclamation? Define and give approximate date. | An executive order by President Lincoln declaring all enslaved people in Confederate states in rebellion to be "forever free." It reframed the Civil War as a fight against slavery and allowed Black men to serve in the Union Army. Issued January 1, 1863. |
| What was the Freedmen's Bureau? Define and give approximate date. | A federal agency established to assist formerly enslaved people and poor white Southerners after the Civil War, providing food, housing, education, and legal support. It was chronically underfunded and eventually dismantled. Established 1865. |
| What were the 14th and 15th Amendments? Define and give approximate date. | The 14th Amendment (1868) granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. regardless of race. The 15th Amendment (1870) prohibited denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. |
| What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act? Define and give approximate date. | A law introduced by Stephen Douglas that created the Kansas and Nebraska territories and repealed the Missouri Compromise by allowing settlers to decide the slavery question through popular sovereignty. It ignited massive sectional conflict. Passed 1854. |
| What was the Transcontinental Railroad? Define and give approximate date. | The first railroad to span the continent, connecting the East Coast to California. Built largely by Chinese and Irish immigrant labor, it transformed commerce, migration, and the settlement of the West. Completed 1869. |
| What was the election of Rutherford B. Hayes? Define and give approximate date. | The disputed 1876 presidential election resolved by the Compromise of 1877, which gave Hayes the presidency in exchange for withdrawing federal troops from the South — effectively ending Reconstruction. Elected 1876. |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | The term "________" was coined by John L. Sullivan to describe America's right to move West. | Manifest Destiny |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | This expansionist president campaigned in 1844 on a 4-point mission, including settling the Oregon issue and annexing California: _________. | Polk |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | Named for a congressman, the _________ proposed banning slavery in Mexican Cession territory. | Wilmot Proviso |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | The _________ Party grew out of controversy over Kansas and Nebraska, and its candidate won the Election of 1860. | Republican |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | The 7th of March speech by Daniel Webster urged people to accept the _________ by Henry Clay. | Compromise of 1850 |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | _________ (1857) ruled that Black people could not sue in court and that Congress could not prohibit slavery anywhere due to the 5th Amendment. | Dred Scott Decision (Dred Scott v. Sanford) |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | _________ led the raid on Harpers Ferry. | John Brown |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | The first state to secede from the Union: _________. | South Carolina |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | At the Battle of _________ (1861), the Union was forced to retreat, shocking Northerners out of their complacency. | Bull Run (Manassas) |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | The _________ of Missouri and Kentucky were slave-holding states but stayed loyal to the Union. | Border States |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | General _________'s "March to the Sea" was an example of total war, culminating in the destruction of Atlanta. | Sherman |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | _________ was president of the Confederacy. | Jefferson Davis |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | _________ surrendered to _________ at Appomattox Courthouse, ending the Civil War. | Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | The ___th Amendment granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. regardless of race. | 14th |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | This president was impeached in part due to his violation of the Tenure of Office Act: _________. | Andrew Johnson |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | Northerners who came south during Reconstruction for financial gain were called: _________. | Carpetbaggers |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | Southerners who supported Reconstruction were called: _________. | Scalawags |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | With Charles Sumner, he led the Radical Republicans in Congress: _________. | Thaddeus Stevens |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | After emancipation, the system of _________ emerged in which tenant farmers were constantly in debt. | Sharecropping |
| FILL IN THE BLANK | This president tried to fight against the increasing influence of the KKK during his term which began in 1869: _________. | Ulysses S. Grant |
| TRUE or FALSE: Texas was annexed within a year of getting independence from Mexico. | False — Texas declared independence from Mexico in 1836 but was not annexed by the United States until 1845 — nearly a decade later — due to political controversy over slavery. |
| TRUE or FALSE: Frederick Douglass was born a free man. | False — Douglass was born into slavery in Maryland around 1818. He taught himself to read, escaped to the North in 1838, and became one of the most powerful abolitionist voices in American history. |
| TRUE or FALSE: James K. Polk accomplished little during his 2 terms as president. | False — Polk served only one term but was extraordinarily productive, acquiring Oregon, winning the Mexican-American War, and adding more territory to the U.S. than any president since Jefferson. |
| TRUE or FALSE: Abraham Lincoln was one of the people who put forth the Spot Resolutions. | True — As a freshman congressman from Illinois, Lincoln challenged Polk by demanding he identify the exact spot on American soil where Mexican forces attacked — arguing the provocation occurred on disputed Mexican territory. |
| TRUE or FALSE: Henry David Thoreau opposed the Mexican-American War. | True — Thoreau refused to pay taxes in protest of the war and slavery, was jailed briefly, and wrote "Civil Disobedience" — one of the most influential essays on nonviolent resistance in history. |
| TRUE or FALSE: The Free Soil Party wanted to abolish slavery in all U.S. states. | False — The Free Soil Party opposed the expansion of slavery into new territories, but did not call for abolishing slavery where it already existed. Their slogan was "Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, Free Men." |
| TRUE or FALSE: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo allowed America to acquire California and Arizona. | True — The treaty ending the Mexican-American War gave the U.S. the Mexican Cession, including present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming, in exchange for $15 million. |
| TRUE or FALSE: The "Know-Nothings" were pro-immigrants. | False — The Know-Nothing (American) Party was fiercely anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic, opposing the flood of Irish and German immigrants arriving in the 1840s and 1850s. |
| TRUE or FALSE: The South banned "Uncle Tom's Cabin." | True — Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 novel was banned across much of the South, which viewed it as dangerous abolitionist propaganda. Lincoln reportedly called Stowe "the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war." |
| TRUE or FALSE: Fire-eaters opposed self-determination. | True — Fire-eaters were radical Southern secessionists who opposed popular sovereignty (self-determination) because they feared it would allow territories to become free states and demanded federal protection of slavery everywhere. |
| TRUE or FALSE: Polk lived up to his promise of "54'40 or fight." | False — Polk campaigned on claiming the entire Oregon Territory up to 54°40' north latitude, but he compromised with Britain at the 49th parallel, settling for less than his campaign slogan demanded. |
| TRUE or FALSE: Future president Zachary Taylor became a hero at the Battle of Buena Vista. | True — Taylor's outnumbered forces defeated a much larger Mexican army at Buena Vista in 1847, making him a national hero and launching him to the presidency in 1848. |
| TRUE or FALSE: The Compromise of 1850 included a strengthened Fugitive Slave Law. | True — The new Fugitive Slave Law required Northerners to assist in the capture and return of escaped enslaved people, infuriating many Northerners and dramatically increasing antislavery sentiment in the North. |
| TRUE or FALSE: A senator was caned on the floor of Congress due to tensions over slavery. | True — In 1856, Representative Preston Brooks of South Carolina brutally beat Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts with a metal-tipped cane after Sumner delivered a speech mocking pro-slavery senators. The incident shocked the nation. |
| TRUE or FALSE: The Kansas-Nebraska Act was developed to pave the way for a Northern Transcontinental Railroad. | True — Stephen Douglas pushed the Act partly to organize the territories and clear the path for a transcontinental railroad route through Chicago, which would benefit his home state of Illinois. |
| TRUE or FALSE: The Democratic Party was united over the issue of slavery in the 1860 Election. | False — The Democratic Party split in 1860 over slavery. Northern Democrats nominated Stephen Douglas, while Southern Democrats nominated John C. Breckinridge, fatally dividing the party and helping Lincoln win. |
| TRUE or FALSE: Lincoln sent additional Union troops to Fort Sumter, prompting the South to attack. | False — Lincoln only announced he would resupply the fort with food and provisions, not troops or weapons. The Confederacy attacked anyway rather than allow a federal presence in Charleston Harbor. |
| TRUE or FALSE: Black troops served in the Union Army but at first were relegated to support duties instead of seeing fighting action. | True — The United States Colored Troops (USCT) were initially assigned to labor and garrison duties. Over time they saw combat, with units like the 54th Massachusetts Infantry earning distinction for bravery. |
| TRUE or FALSE: The Union had superior generals to the Confederacy. | False — Early in the war, the Confederacy had considerably better generalship, particularly Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson. The Union struggled to find effective commanders until Grant and Sherman emerged. |
| TRUE or FALSE: Lincoln suspended Habeas Corpus during the war. | True — Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus in 1861, allowing the military to arrest and detain suspected Confederate sympathizers without trial. The Supreme Court later ruled this unconstitutional in Ex parte Milligan (1866). |
| TRUE or FALSE: The Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves. | False — The Proclamation only freed enslaved people in Confederate states still in rebellion. It did not apply to Border States loyal to the Union or to Confederate areas already under Union control. |
| TRUE or FALSE: In the early days of Reconstruction, there were a number of Black congressmen elected. | True — During Radical Reconstruction, Black men voted and held office in significant numbers, including two U.S. senators and over a dozen House members. This era of Black political participation was violently suppressed after 1877. |
| TRUE or FALSE: The Radical Republicans were outspoken advocates for Freedmen but fell short of lasting protections. | True — Radical Republicans pushed the 14th and 15th Amendments and the Civil Rights Act of 1866, but Reconstruction ultimately collapsed under Southern resistance, Northern fatigue, and the Compromise of 1877. |
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dddemchuk12