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medtermtest1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is Homeostasis? | a condition of equilibrium, or balance, in the body’s internal environment. |
| life process? | metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, reproduction, differentiation |
| control of Homeostasis? | The basic components of a feedback loop there can be positive or negative. |
| Homeostatic imbalances? | genetic make-up, the air you breathe, the food you eat, and the thoughts you think can all affect your health.When homeostasis is disrupted, it may result in disease, disorder, or even death. |
| what are systems of the body? | skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, integumentary, endocrine, lymphatic, digestive, urinary. |
| what is skeletal system? | components: joints, bones, cartilages. function: supports body aids in movement, produce blood cells stores minerals |
| what is integumentary system? | components: skin, nails hair, oil and sweat glands. function: proetects, regulates temp, detects sensation. |
| what is Muscular system? | Components: muscle tissue Function: movement, posture, produce heat |
| what is nervous system? | components: Brain, nerves, eyes, ears, spinal cord function: regulate body activity, detect change responds acordingly |
| what is endocrine system? | components: pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, hypothalamus, parathyroid glands, ovaries, testes, pancreas Function: releases hormones |
| what is cardiovascular system? | Components: blood, heart, blood vessels Function: pumps blood nutrients and oxygen through body. regulates acid-base balance, temperature and water content |
| what is Lymphatic system? | components: Lymphatic fluid and vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes T cells, B cells function: returns protein and fluid to blood, protects against disease. |
| what is respiratory system? | Components: lungs, trachea, Pharynx, Larynx, bronchial tubes Function: produce sound, transfer oxygen to blood, regulates acid-base balance in bodily fluids. |
| what is Digestive system? | components: mouth, larynx, esophagus, stomach, large and small intestine, anus, salivatory glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder Function: breakdown food eliminate waste. |
| what is urinary system? | components: kidneys, ureters, urethra, bladder Function: eliminates waste, acid-base balance, mineral balance helps make red blood cells. |
| what is Reproductive system? | components: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, testes, prostate, epididymis, ductus, deferens, penis, seminal vessels. Function: reproduction |
| Why is extracellular fluid called the internal environment of the body? | because it surrounds the body's cells |
| What types of disturbances can act as stimuli that initiate a feedback system? | exercise |
| Define receptor, control center, and effector. | receptor: sends signals to control center Control center: receives the input, provides impulses to effectors Effector: brings change |
| What is the difference between symptoms and signs of a disease? Give examples of each | Symptoms: subjective changes in body functions that are not apparent to an observer. Ex. headache. Signs of disease can be either anatomical, such as swelling or a rash, or physiological, such as fever, high |
| Describe the locations of intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, and blood plasma. | blood Plasma: in blood vessels Intercellular fluid: within cells extracellular fluid: outside body cells. interstitial fluid: fills narrow spaces between cells |
| prefix? | put before root word (number, time, position, direction) |
| root word? | core of word (description, color, quantity, position) |
| sufix? | end of word modifying meaning (procedure, condition, disease,) |
| what is anatomical position? | Subject stands erect Head is level Eyes facing forward Parallel lower limbs Feet flat on floor, facing forward Upper limbs at side, palms forward |
| what is supine position? | lying face up |
| what is prone position? | lying face down |
| what are regions of the body? | Head, Neck, Trunk, Upper Limb, Lower Limb |
| what is superior direction? | towards head |
| what is interior direction? | away from head |
| what is anterior direction? | near front of body |
| what is posterior direction? | near back of body |
| what is medial direction? | near middle |
| what is lateral direction? | away from middle |
| what is intermediate direction? | between 2 structures |
| what is contralateral direction? | opposite side of another structure |
| what is ipsilateral direction? | same side as another structure |
| what is proximal direction? | near the attachment of a limb to trunk, nearer to the origination of the structure |
| what is distal direction? | away from the attachment of a limb to trunk, away from the origination of the structure. |
| what is superficial direction? | toward surface of body |
| what is deep direction? | away from surface of body |
| what is Sagittal Plane of body? | Divides body/organ into left/right sides |
| Midsagittal plane/Median Plane of body? | Divides body/organ into equal left/right sides and passes through midline |
| Parasagittal Plane of body? | Divides body/organ into unequal left/right sides |
| Frontal/Coronal Plane of body? | Divides body/organ into anterior/posterior portions |
| Transverse Plane of body? | Divides body/organ into superior/inferior portions |
| Oblique Plane of body? | Passes through body/organ an any angle other than 90 degrees |
| levels of a structural organism? | chemical: chemical reaction, atoms join together cellular: molocules combine to form cells tissue: groups of cells form tissue, preform a specific function organ: tissues join together to create organ system: consists of organs organism:the body |
| what are the 4 origins of medical language? | Greek and latin epnoyms: terms from name of person acronyms: term formed from 1 letter of words moddern language |
| root word for abdomen? | G: lapar L: sanguin |
| root word for blood? | G: haemat/hemat L: sangui/ sanguine |
| root word for bone? | G: osteo L: Ossi |
| root word for chest? | G: steth L:pector |
| root word for kidney? | G: nephro L: ren |
| root word for stomach? | Greek: gastro latin: ventro |
| suffix AL means? | pertaining to |
| suffix -ation means? | process |
| suffix -ectomy means? | surgical removal or procedure |
| suffix -gnosis means? | knowledge |
| suffix -lysis means? | destruction/ separation |
| suffix osis means? | condition, disease, or increase |
| prefix A means? | without |
| prefix anti means? | against |
| prefix bi means? | twice 2 or double |
| prefix contra means? | opposite/ against |
| prefix hyper means? | excessive/ extreme |
| prefix ortho means? | correct/straight |
| when connecting a root word, a combining vowel is used... | if the suffix dose not begin with a vowel |
| when connecting two root words, a combining vowel is... | usually used even if a vowels are present at the junction |
| when connecting a prefix and a root word, a combining vowel is... | typically NOT used |
| what is eponym Achillies tendon? | calcaneal tendon |
| what is eponym Adams apple? | thyroid cartilage |
| what is eponym circle of willis? | cerebeal arterial circle |
| what is eponym eustachian tube? | auditory tube |
| what is eponym fallopian tube? | uterine tube |
| what is eponym peyers patch? | aggregated lymphatic follicle |
| what is eponym Crohns disease? | chronic inflammatory digestive disease |
| singular terms that end in A, when plural should add.. | E |
| singular terms that end in is , when plural should be changed to.. | es |
| singular terms that end in Ex or ix when plural should be changed to.. | ices |
| singular terms that end in On , when plural should change to.. | A |
| singular terms that end in Um, when plural should change to.. | A |
| singular terms that end in Us, when plural should change to.. | i |
| singular terms that end in itis, when plural should change to.. | itides |
| singular terms that end in Nx when plural should change to.. | nges |
| singular terms that end in y, when plural should change to.. | ies |
| med abbreviation ANS means? | autonomic nervous system |
| med abbreviation BP means? | blood pressure |
| med abbreviation c/o means? | complained of |
| med abbreviation HTN means? | hypertension |
| med abbreviation NKA means? | no known allergies |
| med abbreviation ROM means? | Range of motion |
| med abbreviation Px means? | pain |
| med abbreviation DTX means? | deep tendon reflex |
| med abbreviation Rx means | perscription |
| two most common suffix? | oma and itis |
| what are the cavities of the body? | Cranial cavity • Vertebral canal • Thoracic cavity: o Pleural Cavity o Pericardial Cavity o Mediastinum • Abdominopelvic cavity: o Abdominal Cavity o Pelvic Cavity |
| what are the body quadrants/ regions? | right hypochondriac edigastric left hypochonriac right lumbar umbilical left lumbar right illiac hypogastric left illiac |
| flexion movement? | Decrease in the angle between articulating bones in the sagittal plane Examples: Moving the humerus forward at the shoulder joint |
| extension movement? | Increase in the angle between articulating bones in the sagittal plane Examples: Looking up toward the sky at the neck |
| lateral flexion movement? | Movement of the spine sideways to the right or left in the frontal plane Example: Bending the trunk to the side at the waist |
| abduction movement? | Movement of a bone away from the midline of the body in the frontal plane Example: Raising the arm or leg to the side, away from the body |
| adduction movement? | Movement of a bone toward the midline of the body in the frontal plane Example: Lowering the arm or leg back to the body's side |
| Note: Abduction and Adduction are only possible in the appendicular skeleton (limbs). In the fingers and toes, an imaginary line is drawn through the middle finger or second toe, and adduction and abduction is relative to that line. | . |
| circumduction movement? | A sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction performed in succession; creates a circular motion. Example: Moving the arm in a circular motion at the shoulder joint. |
| rotation movement? | Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis. Right and Left Rotation: Anterior surface of a bone, bones turn toward the right or left Medial (internal) Rotation: Anterior surface of a limb, bone turns toward the midline Lateral (exterinal) Rotati |
| elevation special movement? | Superior movement of a body part Examples: Closing the mouth (elevating the mandible) |
| depression special movement? | Inferior movement of a body part Examples: Opening the mouth (depressing the mandible) |
| protraction special movement? | Anterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane Examples: Thrusting the mandible outward; |
| retraction special movement? | Posterior movement of a body part back to the anatomical position Examples: Returning the protracted mandible to its position; |
| inversion special movement? | Movement of the sole medially at the intertarsal joints Example: Turning the sole of the foot inward |
| eversion special movement? | Movement of the sole laterally at the intertarsal joints Example: Turning the sole of the foot outward |
| dorsi flexion special movement? | Bending the foot at the ankle in the direction of the dorsum (superior surface) Example: Standing on your heels |
| planter flexion special movement? | Bending the foot at the ankle in the direction of the plantar (inferior surface) Example: Standing on your toes |
| supination special movement? | Movement of the forearm at the radioulnar joints so that the palm is turned anteriorly Example: Holding the palms up as in the anatomical position |
| pronation special movement? | Movement of the forearm at the radioulnar joints so that the palm is turned posteriorly Example: Turning the palms down |
| opposition special movement? | Movement of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand Example: Thumb touching the tip of the little finger |
| upward/downward rotation? | When the glenoid fossa is moved to face more superiorly Downward Rotation: Opposite motion of upward rotation |
| root word immuno | immune system |
| root word lympho | lymphatic fluid |
| root word phag/o | consuming |
| root word nas/o Rhin/o | nasal structure |
| root word or/o | mouth/opening |
| root word pulmon/o | lung |
| root word vascul/o- angi/o | blood vessle |
| root word vas | vessle |
| define autonomic | normal involentary bodily functions |
| define aorta | largest artery |
| define arteriosclerosis | hardening of artery walls |
| define capilleries | smallest blood vessles |
| define cerebrovascular accident | stroke |
| define electrocardigram | measures heart activity |
| define hypertension | high bp |
| define hypoglycemia | blood sugar drops below health range (70mg/dl) |
| define ischemia | restricted blood supply to organs or tissues |
| root word thorac/o | chest |
| define hypertrophy | increase in size of tissues or organs |
| define hypertonic | higher solute concentration outside a cell causing shrinkage |
| define hypotonic | lower solute concentration outside a cell causing swelling |
| sufix malacia | softening |
| suffix plasia/ poiesis | formation/growth |
| suffix plasty | reconstruction |
| suffix tomy | cutting |
| root word aden | gland |
| root word chondro | cartelage |
| root word enter/o | intestine |
| root word eryth/o | red |
| root word myel/o | bone marrow |
| root word thromb/o | blood clot |
| root word py/o | pus |
| root word therm/o | hot |
| Hx means | history |
| Dx means | diagnosis |
| Tx | treatment/ therapy |
| where is axillery | armpit |
| where is cubital | back of elbow |
| where is antecubital | front of elbow |
| where is inguinal | groin |
| where is popliteal | back of knee |
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