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Ch.11.B Med Term
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| extracellular fluids | primarily plasma and tissue fluids |
| left and right kidneys | located in the abdominal cavity slightly above the waistline |
| retroperitonial | located outside of the peritoneum |
| renal cortex | the outer area of the cross section of the kidney |
| renal medulla | the middle area of the ekidney |
| nephrons | filtering units of the kidney |
| hilum (or hilus) | opening through which the renal artery enters the renal vein |
| renal artery | enters the kidney |
| renal vein | exists the kidney |
| renal pelvis | urine enters carrying waste, a cavity where the ureter merges with the kidney |
| ureter | slender tube approx 10" to 12" long, carry urine to the bladder |
| ureteral orfice | urine enters the bladder at the ureteral orifice |
| urinary bladder | expandable organ, temporary reservoir for urine |
| rugae | small folds in the urinary bladder that allow it to expand |
| trigone | triangular area that leads to the urethra |
| micturition | urination |
| urinary meatus | opening in the urethra the body expels urine through |
| nephrons | microscopic structure that maintains homeostasis by continually adjusting and regulating the composition, volume and pH of blood plasma and tissue fluid |
| renal corpuscle | tuft of capillaries called the glomerulus and the Bowman capsule that encases them |
| glomerulus | a bundle of capillaries |
| Bowman capsule | modified, enlarged extension of the renal tubule known as the Bowman capsule |
| afferent arteriole | carries blood to the glomerulus |
| efferent arteriole | carries blood from the glomerulus |
| peritubular capillaries | network of capillaries that surround the renal tubule |
| proximal convoluted tubule | section of the renal tubule |
| loop of Henle | follows the proximal convoluted tubule |
| distal tubule | larger than the Henle |
| collecting tubule | transports newly formed urine to the renal pelvis for excretion by the kidneys |
| filtration | occurs in the renal corpuscle in the afferent tubule as small molecule pass into the Bowman capsule to form filtrate |
| reabsorbtion | water, nutrients, and electrolytes from the tubule reenter the circulating blood |
| secretion | final stage of urine formation |
| acute tubular necrosis (ATN) | the tubular portion of the nephron is injured |
| nephrotoxic necrosis | due to nephrotoxins |
| ischemic ATN | decrease in blood supply |
| oliguria | scanty urine production |
| hypercalcemia | too much calcium in the blood |
| TURBT | transurethral resection of bladder tumor, high energy laser passed through the rethra to destroy malignant tissue |
| cystectomy | removal of the bladder |
| biological therapy, immunotherapy | treatment that stimulate the immune response |
| intravesical | though the bladder |
| anuria | absence of urine production or output |
| bladder neck obstruction | blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra |
| cystocele | prolapsing or downward displacement of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissues between the bladder and vagina |
| end-stage renal disease | any type of kidney disease in which there is little or no remaining kidney function, requiring dialysis or kidney transplant for survival |
| enuresis | involuntary passage of urine |
| fistula | abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another |
| hydronephrosis | abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces or one or both kidneys |
| interstitial cystitis | inflammation of the bladder wall that is not caused by bacterial infection |
| nephrotic syndrome | loss of large amounts of plasma proteins through the urine |
| neurogenic bladder | impairment of the bladder control as a result of brain or nerve damage |
| polycystic kidney disease | inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys |
| pyelonephritis | infection of the kidney |
| urgency | sensation of the need to void immediately |
| urinary tract infection (UTI) | an infection in any part of the urinary tract, including the kidneys, bladder or urethra |
| vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) | failure of urine to pass through the ureters |
| vesic/o | bladder |
| Wilms tumor | rapidly developing tumor of the kidney that usually occurs in children, aka nephroblastoma |
| antibiotics | treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane |
| antispamsodics | decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls |
| diuretics | promote and increase the excretion of urine |
| potassium supplimentss | replace potassium after depletion caused by diuretics |
Created by:
tuckerea