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Unit 4 Vocab.
Common Assessment
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical Weathering | Breakdown of rock by chemical reactions (often involving water) |
| Physical (Mechanical) Weathering | Breakdown of rock into smaller pieces without changing composition |
| Solvent | A substance (like water) that dissolves other materials |
| Dissolution | Process where minerals dissolve in water |
| Frost Wedging | Rock breaking caused by water freezing and expanding |
| Phase Change | Change between solid, liquid, and gas |
| Density | Mass per unit volume (important for ice vs liquid water) |
| Specific Heat Capacity | Ability of water to absorb heat without large temperature changes |
| Hydrology | Study of water on Earth |
| Watershed | Land area where all water drains to the same location |
| Runoff | Water flowing over land into rivers |
| Infiltration | Water soaking into the ground |
| Groundwater | Water stored underground |
| Recharge | Process of groundwater being replenished |
| Porous Rock | Rock that allows water to pass through |
| Turbidity | Cloudiness of water caused by suspended particles |
| Dissolved Oxygen (DO) | Amount of oxygen in the water for aquatic life |
| Nutrients (Nitrogen/Phosphorous) | Substances that promote plant growth |
| Eutrophication | Excess nutrients causing algae growth and low oxygen |
| Hypoxia (Dead Zone) | Area with very low oxygen levels |
| Salinity | Amount of dissolved salts in water |
| Chloride Concentration | Measure of salt pollution (e.g. road salt) |
| Runoff Pollution | Pollutants carried by runoff into waterways |
| Nonpoint Source Pollution | Pollution from many scattered sources |
| Point Source Pollution | Pollution from a single, identifiable source |
| Road Salt Pollution | Increase in salinity from deicing chemicals |
| Agricultural Runoff | Fertilizers and chemicals entering water |
| Sustainability | Using resources without damanging future availability |
| Riparian Buffer | Vegetated area near wather that filters runoff |
| Green Infrastructure | Systems (rain gardens, permeable pavement) that reduce runoff |
| Permeable Surface | Surface that allows water to infiltrate |
| Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) | Limit on pollutants in a water system |
| Trend | Pattern in data |
| Rate | Speed of change (e.g. weathering rate) |
| Variable | Factor that can change an experiment |
| Independent Variable | What is changed |
| Dependent Variable | What is measured |
| Inference | Conclusion based on evidence |
| Quantitative Evidence | Numerical data used to support claims |
Created by:
mdwesner