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Exceptional Learners
Chapter 14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Congenital anomalies | Conditions or defects present at birth. |
| Acute | A condition that is severe but short-term and usually improves or resolves. |
| Progressive | A condition that becomes more severe over time. |
| Traumatic brain injury (TBI) | Brain damage caused by an injury such as a blow or accident. |
| Cerebral palsy (CP) | A group of permanent conditions affecting movement and posture due to early brain damage. |
| Paraplegia | paralysis of the lower body, especially the legs |
| Quadriplegia | Paralysis of all four limbs (arms and legs) |
| Hemiplegia | Paralysis affecting one side of the body |
| Spasticity | Muscle stiffness or tightness that makes movement difficult |
| Choreoathetosis | Involuntary, irregular, jerky movements |
| Athetosis | Slow, twisting, uncontrollable movements |
| Epilepsy | A neurological condition with recurring seizures. |
| Seizure | A sudden burst of abnormal brain activity affecting movement, behavior, or awareness. |
| Spina bifida | A birth defect where the spinal cord does not fully close |
| Catheterization | A procedure using a tube to empty the bladder. |
| Muscular dystrophy (MD) | A group of genetic disorders that cause muscles to weaken over time. |
| Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) | An autoimmune condition in children that causes joint inflammation, pain, and stiffness. |
| Asthma | A condition that makes it hard to breathe because the airways become inflamed or narrowed |
| Cystic fibrosis (CF) | A genetic disorder that causes thick mucus to build up in the lungs and other organs |
| Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS | A disease that weakens the immune system, making it hard to fight infections. |
| Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) | A range of conditions caused by alcohol exposure before birth that affect development. |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | A genetic disorder where the body cannot properly break down a certain protein, leading to brain damage if untreated. |
| Neurotoxins | Harmful substances that damage the brain or nervous system. |
| Adaptive devices | Tools or equipment that help individuals with disabilities perform daily tasks more easily. |
| Prosthesis | An artificial body part used to replace a missing limb or part. |
| Orthosis | A device, like a brace, that supports or improves the function of a body part. |
| Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP | A plan for young children with disabilities that outlines services and support for the child and family. |
Created by:
jkgrabans