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Ex 7: Animals I
Lab Practical 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Metazoa | The biological kingdom comprising all animals |
| Parazoa | Animals lacking true specialized tissues (e.g., Sponges) |
| Eumetazoa | Animals with cells arranged into at least two tissue layers |
| Kingdom Animalia Traits | Eukaryotic, multicellular, no cell walls, heterotrophic, and mobile |
| Gametic Meiosis | Life cycle where the majority is diploid and gametes are the only haploid stage |
| Porifera | The phylum of sponges |
| Choanocytes | Flagellated "collar cells" in sponges used for feeding and water circulation |
| Osculum | The large top opening of a sponge where water exits |
| Spongocoel | The open internal compartment of a sponge |
| Mesohyl | The jelly-like inner layer of a sponge's body |
| Spicules | Rigid structural components of sponges made of calcium carbonate or silica |
| Spongin | A flexible structural protein fiber found in soft sponges |
| Class Calcarea | Sponges with spicules made of calcium carbonate |
| Class Hexactinellida | Glass sponges with six-rayed siliceous spicules |
| Radiata | Clade with radial symmetry and two tissue layers (diploblastic) |
| Diploblastic | Having two tissue layers: ectoderm and endoderm |
| Mesoglea | A non-living, jelly-like layer between the ectoderm and endoderm |
| Cnidaria | Phylum including jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones |
| Polyp | The sessile, tubular life stage of a cnidarian |
| Medusa | The mobile, bell-shaped life stage of a cnidarian |
| Gastrovascular Cavity | A central digestive compartment with a single opening (mouth/anus) |
| Bilateria | Clade of animals with bilateral symmetry and three tissue layers (triploblastic) |
| Triploblastic | Having three tissue layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm |
| Ectoderm | Becomes the integument (skin) and eyes |
| Mesoderm | Becomes muscles, nervous system, and adipose tissue |
| Endoderm | Becomes the lining of the digestive tract |
| Protostomes | Bilaterians where the blastopore becomes the mouth |
| Determinate Cleavage | Embryonic cleavage where the fate of each cell is fixed early |
| Acoelomate | Animal lacking an internal body cavity (e.g., flatworms) |
| Pseudocoelomate | Animal with a body cavity not fully lined by mesoderm (e.g., roundworms) |
| Eucoelomate | Animal with a body cavity completely lined with mesoderm |
| Lophotrochozoa | Subdivision characterized by a lophophore (feeding structure) or trochophore larvae |
| Platyhelminthes | Phylum of flatworms |
| Planaria | A model flatworm with eyespots and a muscular pharynx |
| Annelida | Phylum of segmented worms (e.g., earthworms, leeches) |
| Setae | Bristles on annelids used to cling to soil during movement |
| Double Transport System | Combined circulatory and respiratory system where blood carries both oxygen and nutrients |
| Ecdysozoa | Subdivision characterized by ecdysis (shedding) |
| Ecdysis | The process of shedding a cuticle or exoskeleton to grow |
| Nematoda | Phylum of roundworms (e.g., Ascaris) |
| Arthropoda | Most diverse phylum; features segmented bodies and a chitinous exoskeleton |
| Arthropod Body Segments | Divided into the head (sensory), thorax (locomotion), and abdomen (reproduction) |
| Hemolymph | The "blood" analog in an open circulatory system |
| Crop (Earthworm) | A storage sac for food |
| Gizzard (Earthworm) | A muscular structure used for grinding food |
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bbrdd