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Ex 6: Seed Plants
Lab Practical 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Spermatophytes | Group encompassing all vascular plants that produce seeds |
| Gymnosperms | Plants with "naked seeds" not enclosed in a fruit |
| Angiosperms | Plants with "vessel seeds" enclosed within a fruit |
| Primary Growth | Growth that increases the height or length of the plant |
| Secondary Growth | Growth that increases the width (girth) and provides more support |
| Vascular Cambium | A ring of tissue that produces secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem (bark) |
| Secondary Xylem | Known as wood; it adds rings annually to the interior of the cambium |
| Secondary Phloem | Part of the bark; pushed outward and eventually sloughs off |
| Tracheids | Xylem cells with smaller diameters and tapered ends |
| Vessel Elements | Xylem cells with wider diameters and perforated end walls, found in angiosperms |
| Softwood | Woody tissue containing only tracheids (typical of gymnosperms) |
| Hardwood | Woody tissue containing tracheids and vessel elements (typical of angiosperms) |
| Sieve-tube Elements | Cells in the phloem that transport sugar |
| Companion Cells | Cells that metabolically maintain sieve-tube elements |
| Sieve Plates | Perforated interfaces at the ends of neighboring phloem cells |
| Pollen Grain | The highly reduced male gametophyte in seed plants |
| Ovule | The female gametophyte retained on the sporophyte; becomes the seed after fertilization |
| Cycads | Dioecious gymnosperms with large palm-like leaves and coralloid roots |
| Ginkgo biloba | The single surviving member of Ginkgophyta; has fan-shaped leaves |
| Conifers | The largest gymnosperm group; adapted to cold with needles and waxy cuticles |
| Recessed Stomata | An adaptation in conifer needles to reduce water loss |
| Megaspore Mother Cell | A diploid cell in the ovule that undergoes meiosis to produce megaspores |
| Pollen Tube | Structure grown by a pollen grain to deposit sperm into the egg |
| Double Fertilization | Angiosperm process where one sperm fertilizes the egg and another fertilizes polar nuclei |
| Endosperm (3n) | Triploid nutritive tissue formed during double fertilization; the "lunchbox" for the embryo |
| Stamen | The male reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the anther and filament |
| Anther | The part of the stamen where pollen is produced |
| Carpel (Pistil) | The female reproductive organ, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary |
| Stigma | The sticky tip of the carpel that receives pollen |
| Ovary | The base of the carpel where ovules are housed; becomes the fruit |
| Receptacle | The part of the flower stalk where the floral organs are attached |
| Sepals | Leaf-like structures (collectively the calyx) that protect the budding flower |
| Petals | Colorful structures (collectively the corolla) used to attract pollinators |
| Monocot Seedling | Possesses one cotyledon |
| Dicot Seedling | Possesses two cotyledons |
| Monocot Vascular Bundles | Arranged in a scattered ("monkey face") pattern |
| Dicot Vascular Bundles | Arranged in a concentric circle (ring) |
| Monocot Leaves | Feature parallel venation |
| Dicot Leaves | Feature netted (netlike) venation |
| Monocot Flowers | Floral parts typically in multiples of three |
| Dicot Flowers | Floral parts typically in multiples of four or five |
Created by:
bbrdd