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E&A LEC EXAM #4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atmospheric pressure | force exerted by the weight of the air above |
| what is the weight of air at sea level | 14 pounds PSI |
| what is a millibar | standard sea level pressure of 1013.2mb |
| barometer | used to measure barometric pressure |
| why did torricelli change to mercury instead of water for the barometer | mercury is more dense |
| what are the inches of mercury for standard sea level pressure | 29.92 inches |
| if you used water for a barometer how big would the tube need to be | 33ft |
| what changes depending on weather that is headed your way | pressure |
| aneriod barometer | without liquid and uses an expanding chamber |
| what does a barograph do | continuously records the air pressure |
| what can barometers also be used to determine | altitude and elevation |
| what are the three controls of the wind | pressure gradient force, Coriolis effect, friction |
| isobars | lines of equal air pressure |
| what is the most important and get the air to move most | pressure gradient force |
| what is the way pressure gradient force changes overtime | always high to low |
| what way will the wind blow around a HIGH | clockwise direction and to low pressure |
| what does closely spaced isobars mean | faster wind |
| where is the Coriolis effect strongest at | the poles and zero at the equator |
| in the northern hemisphere what is the deflection | right |
| in the southern hemisphere what is the deflection | left |
| where is the friction most important at | near the surface, where there is roughness |
| what does friction act to | slow the air's movement |
| geostrophic winds | generally blow parallel to isobars |
| does upper level winds have friction | no |
| jet stream (upper level) | high altitude, high velocity kilometers per hour, also known as "river" of air |
| cyclone | center of low pressure, pressure decreases toward the center |
| cyclones in the northern hemisphere | convergence and counterclockwise |
| wind travels | west to east only |
| what kind of air are cyclones associated with | rising air, and often bring clouds and precipitation |
| anticyclone | center of high pressure, pressure increase towards middle |
| anticyclones in the northern hemisphere | divergence, clockwise |
| where is there an abundant precipitation | along equatorial |
| where is there an equatorial low pressure zone | across equator |
| subtropical high pressure zone | subsiding, stable, dry air, near 30 degree latitude (N or S) |
| trade winds | air traveling from subtropical high, comes from east direction |
| westerly winds | air traveling poleward from the subtropical high, takes things from west and east |
| what are the two cells for trade winds | subtropical high and equatorial |
| what are the two cells for westerly | subtropical high and subpolar low |
| what are the two cells for polar easterlies | subpolar low and polar high |
| subpolar low pressure zone | warm and cool winds interact, |
| polar front | an area of storms |
| polar high pressure zone | cold, subsiding air |
| polar high pressure zone air spreads equatorward and produces what | polar easterly winds |
| what do the seasonal temperature differences disrupt | normal global wind pattern |
| monsoon | seasonal change in wind direction |
| a monsoon in warm months | air flows into land from ocean |
| a monsoon in winter months | air flows off the land |
| local winds | small scale winds |
| land and sea breezes | coastal, daily |
| mountain and valley breezes | day to night |
| chinook and santa ana winds | organic lifts |
| what are the two basic wind measurements | direction and speed |
| direction of wind measurement | wind vane |
| what is speed measure by | anemometer |
| what are characteristics of air masses | large body of air, similar temperature at any altitude, similar moisture at any altitude |
| source region | area where an air mass acquires it properties |
| what are the two things used to classify air masses | latitude of source region, by the nature of the surface in the source region |
| polar (P) | high latitudes and cold |
| tropical (T) | low latitudes and warm |
| continental (c) | form over land and likely to be dry |
| Maritime (m) | form over water and humid air |
| what are the four basic type of air mass | continental polar (cP) continental tropical (cT) maritime polar (mP) maritime tropical (mT) |
| continental polar (cP) | dry and cold |
| continental tropical (cT) | dry and humid (hot) |
| maritime polar (mP) | moist and cold |
| maritime subtropical (mT) | moist and humid (hot) |
| cP and mT air masses are the most important air masses in ____ | North America |
| cP | northern canada and interior of alaska |
| what is responsible lake effect snows | cP |
| mT | gulf of mexico and atlantic ocean |
| cT | southwest and mexico |
| warm front | light precipitation, lower thicker clouds |
| cold front | heavy precipitation, wall of dark clouds |
| stationary front | flow of air both sides of the front is almost parallel to the line of the front |
| occluded front | active cold front overtakes a warm front |
| middle latitude cyclones move where | eastward across the United States |
| what are the features of thunderstorm | cumulonimbus clouds, heavy rainfall, lightning, occasional hail, |
| what do all thunderstorms require | warm air, moist air, instability |
| what are the features | rotating columns, low pressure, wind approach, smaller suction |
| what is the frequent time tornados happend | april-june |
| what is the intensity measured for tornados | enhanced fujita intensity scale |
| tornado watch | alert the public to the possibility of tornados |
| tornado warning | issued when a tornado is sighted or is indicated by weather radar |
| doppler radar | increases the accuracy by detecting the air motion |
| a hurricane | wind speed in excess of 119 kilometers |
| profile | form between the latitudes of 5 -20 degrees |
| typhoons | western pacific |
| cyclones | indian ocean |
| eyewall | near the center, rising air, intense convective activity, greatest wind speeds, heaviest rainfall, cumulonimbus |
| eye | very center, 20 km diameter, wind subsides, warmest part of the storm |
| tropical despression | winds do not exceed 61 kilometers per hours |
| tropical storm | winds between 61 to 119 km per hour |
| what is used to rank hurricanes | saffir simpson scale |
| storm surge | large dome of water 65 to 80 kilometers |
Created by:
josey edwards 11