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Bio lab Final
Biodiversity Lab Spring 2026
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How do fungi obtain nutrients? | Absorptive heterotrophs using mycelium (network of hyphae) |
| What is mycelium? | Thread-like hyphae that absorb nutrients from surroundings |
| What is a fruiting body? | Reproductive structure that releases spores (e.g., mushrooms) |
| What are spores? | Reproductive cells that grow into new fungi |
| Zygomycota produce what? | Zygosporangia → zygospores (sexual) |
| Ascomycota produce what? | Asci → ascospores |
| Basidiomycota produce what? | Basidia → basidiospores |
| What are mycorrhizal fungi? | Symbiotic fungi that help plant roots absorb nutrients |
| How does yeast reproduce? | Asexually by budding |
| What are crustose of lichens? | Flat, crust-like |
| What are foliose of lichens? | Leaf-like |
| What are fruitocse of lichens? | Branching, shrub-like |
| What are features of lichens? | Crutose, foloise, and fruitocse |
| What are phylum are sponges? | Porifera |
| What are choanocytes and what do they do in sponges? | Collar cells that move water and capture food |
| What do amoebocytes do in sponges? | Digest and transport nutrients |
| What do spicules do in sponges? | Give structural support |
| What are characteristics of sponges? | Choanocytets Amoebocytes Spicules |
| Cnidaria have what? | Stinging cells (nematocysts) |
| What do ctenophora lack? | Stinging cells |
| Cnidaria vs ctenophora | Cnidaria have stinging cells where ctenophora do not |
| What are cassiopeia? | Upside-down jellyfish |
| Protostomes vs deuterostones | Protostome → mouth first Deuterostome → anus first |
| What do flatworms have? | Taxis (movement towards stimuli) |
| What are characteristics of rotifers? | Corona and mastax |
| What is the corona and what is the purpose in rotifers? | Cilia used for movement and feeding |
| What is the mastax in rotifers? | Jaw-like grinder |
| What are the two types of annelids? | Errantia and Sedentaria |
| What are errantia annelids? | Mobile annelids |
| What are sedentaria annelids? | Stationary annelids |
| What are the main three parts of a mollusk? | Muscular food Miseral mass Mantle |
| What is the muscular foot used for? | Movement |
| What is the visceral mass used for? | Organs |
| What is the mantle used for? | Shell production |
| What is the torsion in gastropods? | The body twists due to shell development |
| What are key squid parts? | Siphon chromatophores Ink sac Pen |
| What is the siphon of the squid used for? | Movement |
| What is the chromatophores of the squid used for? | Color change |
| What is the ink sac of the squid used for? | Defense |
| What is the pen of the squid used for? | Internal support |
| How to tell the difference between a male and female squid? | Female → nidamental glands, yellow ovaries Male → white cecum |
| What is ecdysis? | Molting of the exoskeleton |
| What is the body plan of chelicerata? | Cephalothorax and abdomen |
| What is the significance of blue blood in the horseshoe crab? | It is used in medical testing |
| How to identify a male vs female horseshoe crab? | Male → hooked legs Female → scissor legs |
| What does the subphylum arachnids include? | Spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions |
| What are key organs in crayfish? | Gastric mill Gills Intestine Green gland |
| What is the purpose of the gastric mill in crayfish? | Digestion |
| What is the purpose of the gills in crayfish? | Respiration |
| What is the purpose of the intestine in crayfish? | Absorption |
| What is the purpose of the green gland in crayfish? | Excretion |
| What are the body segments of hexapoda? | Head, thorax, and abdomen |
| What is another name for hexapoda? | Insects |
| Why is the class hexapoda so successful? | Flight, small size, and adptability |
| What is the purpose of spiracles in insects? | Openings for gas exchange |
| What is the difference between centipedes and millipedes? | Centipede → 1 pair legs/segment, predators Millipede → 2 pairs, detritivores |
| What are examples of myriapods? | Centipede and millipedes |
| What are examples of nematodes? | Ascaris lumbricoides |
| How to tell a male nematode from a female nematode? | Male → curved tail Female → straight |
| What is a key trait of echinoderms? | Spiny skin |
| What are four traits of chordates? | Notochord Dorsal nerve cord Pharyngeal arches Post-anal tail |
| How to tell the difference between larval tunicates vs adult tunicates? | Larva → free-swimming Adult → sedentary |
| What is a lancelet? | A small fish-liek chordate |
| What is the most diverse chordata group? | Vertebrata |
| What is the difference between amphibia and reptilia? | Amphibia: must reproduce in water Reptilia: amniotic egg can reproduce on land |
| Are birds reptiles? What are feathers? | Birds are reptiles; feathers are modified scales |
| What are incisors used for? | Cutting |
| What are canines used for? | tearing |
| What are premolars/molars used for? | grinding |
| What are carnassial? | Shearing teeth (carnivores) |
| What are homodont teeth? What is an example of organism with it? | All the same Like fish |
| What is an owl pellet? | A regurgitated mass of indigestible material (bones, fur) |
Created by:
KristenR2025