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Chapter 56

Biodiversity Spring 2026- Exam 4

QuestionAnswer
What are the four main threats to biodiversity? Habitat destruction, introduced species, overexploitation, and climate change
Why is habitat destruction a major threat to biodiversity? It removes or fragments living spaces, reducing resources and isolating populations
What are introduced species? Non-native species that can outcompete, prey on, or bring disease to native species
What is overexploitation? Excessive use of species (e.g., hunting, fishing) faster than they can reproduce
How does climate change threaten biodiversity? It alters habitats, temperature, and ecosystems faster than many species can adapt
Why are small populations at greater risk of extinction? They have less genetic diversity, are more affected by random events, and face inbreeding
What is inbreeding? Mating between closely related individuals
Why is inbreeding harmful? It increases the chance of harmful genetic traits and reduces overall fitness
What is ocean acidification? The decrease in ocean pH due to absorption of excess atmospheric CO₂
How does ocean acidification affect organisms? It harms shell-forming organisms and disrupts marine ecosystems
What is biodiversity? The variety of life at all levels: genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity
What is genetic diversity? Variation of genes within a population
What is species diversity? The number and variety of species in an area
What is ecosystem diversity? The variety of ecosystems in a region
What are ecosystem services? Benefits humans get from ecosystems (e.g., clean air, water, pollination)
What is habitat fragmentation? Breaking large habitats into smaller, isolated patches
What is minimum viable population (MVP) The smallest population size needed for a species to survive long-term.
What is effective population size? The number of individuals contributing genes to the next generation
What is biomagnification? The increase in concentration of toxins as they move up the food chain
Why is biodiversity important It supports ecosystem stability, human resources, ethical responsibility, and economic value
Created by: KristenR2025
 

 



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