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1.1.3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Input device | any device that allows information from outside world to be passed into device - Keyboard and mouse - Barcode scanners - Microphone |
| Output device | takes data stored in digital form + converts into human-processable format - Speakers - Printers - Computer screens |
| Storage device | used for temporary or permanent data storage (internal or external) |
| Secondary storage | non-volatile, external memory for long-term storage of programs + data |
| Drive | device that reads/writes data from secondary storage |
| Media | what the data is actually stored on |
| Comparison features | capacity, speed, portability, durability, reliability, cost |
| Magnetic storage | - A read/write head magnetizes different areas as it moves nanometers over drive - Magnetic properties translated into binary electrical signals - Magnetic hard drives(1-16 TB), magnetic tape(18-45 TB) - Some are portable |
| Magnetic storage (pros and cons) | Pros - Cheapest storage - Large capacity Cons - Hard drives are not durable - Slow access times due to movement |
| Optical storage | - Uses lasers to read/write to discs Pros - Very cheap - Portable Cons - Slow access time - Scratches = data loss (not durable) |
| CD (optical storage) | compact disc - max 700MB - DVD - R (read only) - DVD - RW (read-write) |
| DVD (optical storage) | digital versatile disc: - max 4.7 GB (single sided, single layer disc) - DVD - R (read only) - DVD - RW (read-write) |
| Blu-ray disc (optical storage) | max 25 GB (single layer disc) |
| Read only (optical storage) | - High-powered laser modifies disc; pits (depressions) + lands (raised areas) - Lower-powered laser reflected back onto photoelectric cell producing electric signal, difference tells us if it is a pit or landing |
| Read/write (optical storage) | Disk chemical composition changed by reversible chemical reaction |
| Flash/solid state storage | - Traps electrons in transistor gates, keeping them there even if power is removed - Contents erased by applying an electrical charge - Often used by solid-state devices (store data using not moving electrical circuits) |
| USB flash drives | 2GB - 1TB |
| SSD | solid state drives: 256GB - 8TB |
| Flash/solid state storage (pros and cons) | Pros - Very durable - Portable - Fast data access due to no moving parts Cons - More expensive per storage unit - Limited rewrites (not reliable) |
| Primary storage | holds programs + data needed for immediate access by CPU |
| RAM | random access memory: - Volatile (contents are lost when power is removed) - Read-write memory (can have memory read from/written to by CPU) - Stores instructions + data currently being accessed by CPU |
| ROM | read-only memory: - Non-volatile (contents remain when power is removed) - Stores first instructions for computer (bootstrap + BIOS) and firmware - Embedded into motherboard |
| Virtual storage (aka cloud storage) | concept of storing and retrieving data over the internet in the cloud instead of a local storage device All data actually resides on physical, permanent storage media in a remote location |
| Virtual storage (aka cloud storage) (pros and cons) | Pros - Data easily shared - Easy to collaborate - Data accessed from anywhere… - Storage ‘limitless’ from user’s view Cons - Can be expensive - Slow access times with bad connection - … with internet connection |
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FlashCardFun!