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Ex 5: Seedless Plant
Lab Practicle 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Xylem | Vascular tissue distributing water and minerals upward from roots |
| Phloem | Vascular tissue carrying food (sugar) downward from leaves |
| Alternation of Generations | A sporic life cycle alternating between multicellular haploid and multicellular diploid stages |
| Gametophyte (n) | The multicellular haploid stage that produces gametes via mitosis |
| Sporophyte (2n) | The multicellular diploid stage that produces spores via meiosis |
| Bryophytes | Non-vascular, seedless land plants including liverworts, mosses, and hornworts |
| Rhizoids | Root-like structures in bryophytes used for anchoring only (no nutrient transfer) |
| Dominant Generation (Bryophytes) | The gametophyte is larger and longer-lived |
| Bryophyte Fertilization Requirement | Requires a thin film of water for sperm to swim to the egg |
| Thallus | The body structure of a liverwort, often liver-shaped and a few cells thick |
| Gemma Cups | Structures used by liverworts for asexual reproduction |
| Gemmae | Small plant fragments inside gemma cups dispersed by rain splashes to grow identical thalli |
| Antheridiophore | The stalked structure on a male liverwort gametophyte bearing antheridia (sperm-producing) |
| Archegoniophore | The stalked structure on a female liverwort gametophyte bearing archegonia (egg-producing) |
| Foot (Liverwort Sporophyte) | The part of the sporophyte that remains embedded in the gametophyte |
| Seta | The stalk of the sporophyte |
| Capsule | The structure at the tip of the sporophyte where spores are produced |
| Operculum | The "pop-top" lid of a moss capsule that opens for spore release |
| Calyptra | A thin, protective covering sometimes found over the moss capsule |
| Peristome Teeth | Structures that help disperse moss spores when environmental conditions are right |
| Pteridophytes | Vascular, seedless plants including clubmosses, ferns, and horsetails |
| Dominant Generation (Pteridophytes) | The sporophyte is the dominant, visible stage |
| Clubmoss Heterospory | The production of two distinct spore sizes: megaspores and microspores |
| Megasporangium | Structure in clubmosses that produces large megaspores |
| Microsporangium | Structure in clubmosses that produces small microspores |
| Megaspore Fate | Develops into a female gametophyte with archegonia |
| Microspore Fate | Develops into a male gametophyte with antheridia |
| Strobilus | The reproductive "cone" or stalk of a clubmoss sporophyte |
| Microphylls | Small, simple leaves in clubmosses with a single mid-vein |
| Prothallus | The tiny, heart-shaped gametophyte of a fern |
| Fern Frond | The leaf of the fern sporophyte, consisting of a blade and stipe |
| Rhizome | The underground stem of a fern |
| Fiddlehead | An uncurling, young fern frond |
| Sori (singular: Sorus) | Clusters of sporangia found on the underside of fern fronds |
| Annulus | A ring of specialized cells on a fern sporangium that helps catapult spores |
| Evolutionary Innovation 1 | Transition from gametophyte to sporophyte dominance |
| Evolutionary Innovation 2 | Development of vascular tissue (vasculature) |
| Evolutionary Innovation 3 | Transition from spores to seeds |
| Monoecious | Having male and female reproductive organs on the same plant |
| Dioecious | Having male and female reproductive organs on separate plants |
Created by:
bbrdd