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MMBIO Quiz 11/12

QuestionAnswer
antitermination model antitermination factors are associated with RNAPII - it keeps going termination factors replace them - RNAPII falls off
torpedo model Rat/Xm2 find RNA still on RNAPII after poly A site cleavage degrade and chop up leftover RNA - knocks of RNAPII
RNA interference a way to regulate gene expression by cleaving mRNAs before they are translated
microRNA/miRNA natural bends back on itself to form a hairpin
shRNA/short hairpin RNA artifical same as miRNA
short interfering RNA/si RNA miRNA and shRNA are cut into siRNA by DICER is double stranded and one is removed to be a guide strand
RISC guide strand siRNA finds it complementary target and cuts the mRNA to block translation
ribosomes performs translation made from rRNAs
tRNAs bring aa to the ribosome use anticodons to dechipher the genetic code
eukaryotic 80S ribosome 40S small subunit 60S large subunit
prokaryotic 60S ribosome 30S small subunit 50S large subunit
rRNA acts as a ______ and performs _____ ______ activity to assist in forming peptide bonds ribozyme peptidyl transferase
mature tRNA end with CCA and a 3' OH remove some of the 5' end, end with GGG modify bases to become unusual bases add amino acid to the 3' end to "charge the molecule
EPA sites E - tRNA exits P - peptidy tRNA (peptide chain) A - aminoacyl tRNA, acceptor site for new tRNAs
pre-RNA to mature RNA in nucleous trim, add methyl groups to 2' OH convert some bases to psedouridine
snoRNAs/small nuclolear RNAs direct which bases add methyl groups to choose which bases convert to pseudoridine
RNAPI makes 28S, 18S, 5 8S rRNA
RNAPII makes tRNA, 5S rRNA
eukaryotic ribosomes require _____ proteins for assembly chaperone
ribosome assembly in nucleolus: 90S with chaperones nuceloplasm: splits into pre 60S and pre-40S cytoplasm: matures into 60S and 40S (trimming of chaperones)
RNAPIII 3 type promoters type 1: A box, IE, C box type 2: A box, B box type 3: DSE, PSE, TATA
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases add amino acids to the 3' end of tRNA (ATP required)
acceptor stem site of amino acid addition
nucelotidyl transferase adds CCA on to a tRNA (in eukaryotes)
tRNA structure top: acceptor stem with CCA and amino acid bottom - anticodon arm right side: TUC arm (and mini variable arm) left side: D arm
proteins destined to exit the cell and for other organelles are made on the rough ER
proteins destined for the cytoplasm/nucleus are free ribosomes (in the cytoplasm)
Created by: anyasalmon
 

 



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