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Micro Exam #3

QuestionAnswer
Etiology cause of disease
Epidemiology study of disease spread in populations
Pathology study of disease and tissue changes
Pathogenicity ability to cause disease
Virulence degree of pathogenicity
Virulence factor trait that helps pathogen infect host
Sporadic occasional, irregular cases
Endemic constantly present in a population
Epidemic rapid spread in one region
Pandemic worldwide epidemic
Emerging disease newly appearing or increasing disease
Reemerging disease returns after decline
West Nile Virus vector transmission
Tuberculosis airborne transmission
African sleeping sickness transmitted by tsetse fly
Nosocomial Infections Hospital = acquired infections (ex: Pseudomonas respiratory infection in hospital)
Passive Carrier not infected but transfers pathogen
Types of Infections local, systemic, focal, secondary, superinfection
Local Infection one location
Systemic Infection spreads throughout the body
Focal Infection moves from one area to another
Secondary Infection second pathogen develops after first infection
Superinfection overgrowth after antibiotics kill normal flora
Spread Patterns common source, continuous source, intermittent source, propagated
Common-source spread same source infects everyone
Continuous-source spread source persists over time
Intermittent-source spread source appears occasionally
Propagated source spread person to person spread
Robert Koch anthrax
Joseph Lister carbolic acid sterilization
John Snow cholera water pump source
CDC (Center for Disease Control) monitors notifiable diseases
Notifiable disease disease of public health importance
Quarantine length depends on incubation period
Portals of entry places pathogens enter the body
Adhesins bind host cells
Coagulase protects Staphylococcus aureus from phagocytes
Phospholipases help pathogens escape phagosomes
Biofilms protect bacteria from antibiotics
Glycans on helminths evade immune system
Lipid A toxin toxic part of gram-negative endotoxin
Diphtheria toxin inhibits elongation factor 2
Aflatoxin aspergillus toxin causing liver cancer
Cell wall inhibitors penicillin, bacitracin, vancomycin
Penicillin inhibits transpeptidation
Bacitracin inhibits cell wall synthesis
Vancomycin cell wall inhibitor with different mechanism than penicillin
Beta-Lactam Antibiotics penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems
Non-Beta-Lactam example tetracycline
Fluoroquinolones DNA gyrase
Rifampin RNA polymerase
Polymyxins plasma membrane
Diarylquinolines ATP synthase
Metronidazole/Pentamidine protozoa
MRSA resists many beta
Pseudomonas difficult to treat because of biofilms
MIC lowest concentration preventing growth
MBC lowest concentration killing 99.9% of bacteria
Bacteriostatic stops growth
Bactericidal kills bacteria
Drug selection depends on organism identity, drug sensitivity, patient health status
Direct Transmission Person to Person, Droplets, Sexual activity
Vectors insects/ animals that transmit disease
Examples of indirect transmission West Nile Virus, Tuberculosis, African sleeping sickness
True or false? Fomites, food, and air are indirect transmission routes True
True or false? Nosocomial infections are hospital-acquired True
True or false? Kirby-Bauer cannot determine bactericidal vs bacteriostatic False
True or false? Penicillin and vancomycin do not work the same way True
True or false? Disease severity depends on both host and pathogen True
True or false? Not all pathogen exposure leads to infection True
True or false? Pathogens do not always cause disease False
Created by: user-2034153
 

 



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