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Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is a formed element of blood | platelet |
| Which of the following is not a component of blood plasma | platelet |
| An erythrocyte is capable of binding ___ O2 molecules | four |
| Which of the following cellular stages of erythrocyte development comes last in the sequence: | Orthochromatic erythroblast |
| The target of erythropoietin (EPO) is _____________. | Red bone marrow |
| Iron (Fe) is transported through the bloodstream by the protein __________. | Transferrin |
| The heme portion of the RBC that is excreted by the liver into the small intestine is called: | bilirubin |
| An individual with sickle cell disease has the genotype: | HbS/HbS |
| Which of the following is a granulocyte: | Eosinophil |
| Which WBC is most abundant: | Neutrophil |
| which cell secretes histamine | Basophil |
| Which cell can become a macrophage: | Monocyte |
| Acute lymphocytic leukemia would be predicted to directly effect | B cells |
| which cell functions in blood clotting | thrombocyte |
| The first step of hemostasis is | vascular spasm |
| Which is part of the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation | tissue factor |
| Which of the following is a proenzyme (or zymogen) and therefore an INACTIVE precursor | Factor V |
| The ____ separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. | Tricuspid Valve |
| Blood enters the __ of the heart as it returns from the systemic circuit. | right atrium |
| ___ describes the meeting of curved surfaces | cuspid |
| Indicate which valves are closed by contraction of the ventricles | tricuspid, bicuspid |
| The second heart sound results from | semilunar valves closing |
| blockage of a coronary artery is called | myocardial infarction |
| cardiac myocytes are electrically coupled by gap junctions | true |
| Straight line up cardiac myocyte action potential is characterized by | Na+ influx |
| The pacemaker potential causes membrane potential to | creep toward threshold |
| Cardiac depolarization in a healthy individual originates from the | sinoatrial (SA) node |
| Wave that comes after the QRS sequence in an ECG is | T wave |
| Atrial fibrillation is characterized by | Chaotic uncontrolled depolarization of cardiac myocytes |
| Cardiac Output: ____ - _____ = _______ | EDV; ESV; SV |
| A _____ will increase cardiac output | lower end systolic volume (ESV) |
| The ____ nervous system acts on ____ which affects contractility by increasing both Ca2+ influx and efflux | sympathetic; cardiac myocytes |
| Which of the following is a genetic disorder resulting in the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood within the heart | ventricular septal defect |
| long q-t syndrome is characterized by | delayed repolarization of cardiac myocytes |
| veins always | travel toward the heart |
| blood in the systemic circuit passes through which vessel lastly | terminal arteriole |
| ___ have more muscle | arteries |
| The tunica ____ of blood vessels include the vasa vasorum | externa |
| ____ capillaries possess large openings to allow movement of cells across the vessel walls | Sinusoidal |
| Metarteriole + Thoroughfare channel = | vascular shunt |
| ___ regulate flow into the capillary beds | Precapillary sphincters |
| Eating salty food causes blood pressure to | increase |
| Which is a vasodilator | H+ |
| High Co2 levels are an example of ___ mechanism that will cause ____ of arteries in the systemic circuit | intrinsic; vasodiolation |
| Select the vessel with the lowest pressure | postcapillary venule |
| stimulation of baroreceptors leads to the following phsyiological response | decreased heart rate |
| which of the following acts first in the common pathway | renin |
| ___ promotes Na+ excretion thereby lowering blood pressure | atrial natriuretic peptide ANP |
| Calculate MAP for a patient with BP values: Systolic 85 Diastolic 70 | 75 mmHg |
| ______ is a procedure in which a tiny balloon is inflated inside of a blood vessel to reshape t, thereby increasing lumen diameter | Angioplasty |
| Which of the following is a granulocyte | Eosinophil |
| The pacemaker potential is caused by | Na+ influx |
| Blood travels from the lungs to the ___ | Left Atrium |
| Stimulation of precapillary sphincters will ____ blood flow in a capillary bed | decrease |
| Which of the following cellular stages of erythrocyte development comes last in the sequence | Reticulocyte |
| Atrial fibrillation is characterized by | chaotic uncontrolled depolarization of cardiac myocytes |
| The action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on an artery is an example of an ____ mechanism will cause ___ of arteris in the systemic circuit | extrinsic; vasodilation |
| Drinking a large amount of water will cause blood pressure to | increase |
| The _____ separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. | Bicuspid (mitral) valve |
| ________ promotes Na+ retention, thereby increasing blood pressure. | Aldosterone |
| ____ + ____ = vascular shunt | metarteriole; thoroughfare channel |
| What cell can become an antibody secreting cell | B lymphocyte |
| Deoxygenated blood exits from the ___ of the heart as it travels toward the lungs | right ventricle |
| In a junctional rhythm heart rate is | slower |
| Ace inhibitors block the action of which hormones directly or indirectly | antiduretic, aldosterone, angiotensin II |
| Which valves are closed by the contraction of the ventricles | tricuspid, bicuspid |
| The __ nervous system stimulates ____ which increases heart rate | sympathetic; pacemaker cells |
| An erythrocyte contains __ heme groups | four |
| A ___ will increase cardiac output | greater end diastolic volume |
| If end diastolic volume is 130 mL and end systolic volume is 60 mL then stroke volume is___ | 70 mL (subtract ESV from EDV) |
| Low o2 levels are an example of an ___ mechanism that will cause ___ of arteries | Intrinsic; vasodilation |
| Which of the following acts first in the common pathway | renin |
| A healthy individual with malaria resistance has the genotype | HbS/ + |
| Valves are opened by | pressure |
| ___ promotes Na+ retention thereby increasing blood pressure | aldosterone |
| A diabetic patient eats cake. This will cause blood pressure to | increase |
| Recycling of old RBCs normally occurs when they are engulfed by macrophages in the | spleen |
| The ___ nervous system acts on ___ which decreases heart rate (by opening K+ channels) | Parasympathetic; pacemaker cells |
| Cardiac myocytes are electrically coupled by gap junctions | true |
| The tunica ___ of blood vessels includes a layer of smooth muscle | Media |
| The first step in hemostasis is | vascular |
| deoxygenated blood exits from the ____ of the heart as it travels toward the lungs | right ventricle |
| Cardiac myocytes contain sarcomeres | true |
| MAP for 100/70 BP | 80 |
| The tunica ___ of blood vessels includes the vasa vasorum | Externa |
| Which valves are opened by contraction of the ventricles | pulmonary semilunar. aortic semilunar |
| Which is a vasoconstrictor | norepinephrine |
| which is a agranulocyte | monocyte |
| The pacemaker potential is caused by a slow leakage of | Na+ |
| A ___ is a metal wire tube placed inside a narrowed blood to hold it open therby increasing lumen diameter | Stent |
| Calculate MAP 90/60 | 70, 90-60 = 30 30 / 3 = 10 60+10 = 70 |
| ___ describes the meeting of curved surfaces | cuspid |
| Blood in the systemic circuit passes through which vessel first | elastic artery |
| Select the vessel with the highest pressure | muscular (distributing) artery |
| A ___ will increase cardiac output | lower end systolic volume |
| Platelets are also called | thrombocytes |
| ___ capillaries contain medium sized openings to allow for filtration and movement of fluids across vessel walls | Fenestrated |
| Red blood cell production is stimulated by ___ which is secreted by the kidneys in response to | erythropoitin; hypoxia |
| Blood enters the ___ of the heart as it returns to the systemic circuit | right atrium |
| In case of hypovolemic shock blood pressure is | low |
| The tunica ___ of blood vessels includes the endothelium. | Intima |
| The tunica __ of blood vessels includes the vasa vasorum | Externa |
| heart block is characterized by | failure to transmit action potentials through interventricular septum |
| The first heart sound results from | AV valves closing |
| Thrombocytopenia means | platelet deficiency |
| __ regulates blood flow into the capillary beds | precapillary sphincters |
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