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Prec. Farm. Exam 2
Precision Farming Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is a platform in which a remote sensor can be mounted? a. satellites b. drones c. aircraft d. ground-based vehicles e. all are correct | e. all are correct |
| For remote sensing images to be of value to the farmer, in-person field scouting is still required. This process is referred to as _______. a. actuating b. kriging c. normalizing d. ground truthing e. none are correct | d. ground truthing |
| Remote sensing images from satellites or aircraft are obtained from passive sensors. Passive sensors rely on ______ as the energy source that bounces off leaves, a. sunlight b. radar unit c. LED light d. microwave unit | a. sunlight |
| The GIS format in which yield map data is typically stored. This format stores data by dividing the space into cells or grids. a. kriging b. MS Access c. vector d. raster e. none are correct | d. raster |
| To create a map of soil properties based on grid soil sampling, the GIS program must analyze the data to fill in the gaps between actual data points. List the methods that could be used for analyzing data in GIS? | nearest neighbor, local average, inverse data weighing, contouring, kriging |
| The Weed Seeker is an active sensor that utilizes only light reflectance for detecting weeds. What is the potential use for this type of weed detector? | spraying weeds that are growing prior to crop planting |
| Which of the following has variable-rate application technology available? a. variable rate seeding b. variable rate liquid pesticides c. variable-rate dry fertilizer d. variable-rate irrigation e. all are correct | e. all are correct |
| This system of analyzing remote sensing data uses a simple mathematical formula that relates the amount of Red and NIR light that is reflected by the crop. a. LAI b. EC c. NDVI d. UHF (ultra-high frequency) e. none are correct | c. NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) |
| The Green Seeker technology is used to estimate how much_______ is present in the crop. a. nitrogen b. phosphorus c. iron d. zinc e. none are correct | a. nitrogen |
| Variable rate planters most often utilize ______ drive systems in order to change the seeding rate within a field by each individual row. a. electric p. pulse modulating c. press-wheel d. air-pressure e. none are correct | a. electric |
| Which of the following equipment is required for variable-rate application of liquid fertilizers? a. pressure/flow sensors b. ground speed sensors c. actuator d. variable-rate controller e. all are correct | e. all are correct |
| Case Aim Command Spray System and John Deere Exact Apply utilize a technology called ____ on their variable-rate applicators a. pulse width modulation (pulsing solenoid valves) b. direct injection c. pneumatic air flow d. ultrasonic wave control | a. pulse width modulation (pulsing solenoid valves) |
| The type of sprayer in which the pesticide is kept in a separate tank from the spray water. This allows for variable rate application without changing the spray volume. a. pneumatic b. direct injection c. air-blast d. spinning disk | b. direct injection |
| Autonomous Pivot has a ground penetrating radar type of sensor that is mounted on the center-pivot irrigation system. What does this sensor measure? a. soil pH b. plant nitrogen level c. soil moisture d. insect damage e. none are correct | C. soil moisture |
| True or False: Speed control is the cheapest approach to variable-rate irrigation but does not match field variability well. | True |
| True or False: The John Deere See and Spray Ultimate system uses a digital camera and AI to detect weeds | True |
| True or False: Active Sensors produce a light signal in addition to detecting a light signal. | True |
| The other type of energy being detected from plants besides light is heat or thermal, which can relate very close to the water stress of the crop. | True |
| ________is how frequent the remote sensor can collect data from your field. | Temporal resolution |
| _______is what and how many wavelengths of light the remote sensor can detect. | Spectral resolution |
| _______is how sharply focused or how small of an area can the sensor zoom to. | Spatial resolution |
| Describe the process of how a farmer can utilize a hand-held Green Seeker sensor fer determining the fertilizer needs of his wheat crop. | Select a strip in the field to be an n-rich strip Take reading with the Green Seeker of both n-rich & rest of field Input readings into the internet calculator for recommendations |
| When electromagnetic radiation such as sunlight strikes a crop plant, there are 3 things that can happen to this energy. | Absorption- what the plant uses (red/blue light) Reflection- what we see (green light) Transmission- light that goes through the plant |
| Technology makes it easy to accomplish variable-rate seeding or fertilization. List 3 different types of data of variability in a field that can be used for variable-rate seeding or fertilization | yield data, grid-soil sampling data, EC soil sensor data, soil type map |
| The GIS used to create field maps and analyze data can be purchased and utilized by the farmer or the farmer can pay for a company to map fields and analyze the data. Describe 1 reason why a farmer would purchase the GIS software himself? | He knows his field the best All data is kept private |
| The GIS used to create field maps and analyze data can be purchased and utilized by the farmer or the farmer can pay for a company to map fields and analyze the data. Describe 1 reason the farmer would prefer that a company provides the GIS service. | The farmer doesn't have to learn it They don't have to make annual investments into it |
| Variable-rate technology has been developed for center-pivot irrigation systems. Describe 3 field situations where variable-rate irrigation technology would be beneficial. | Multiple crops in one field To match slope/topography Keep water out of non-crop areas such as ditches |
| Zone-VRI and Full VRI systems are 2 different designs for variable-irrigation by center pivots. Describe how each type is changing water application rates as the pivot moves. | Zone-VRI: a group of nozzles are connected to one rate-controller Full-VRI: each individual nozzle has a rate controller |
| Provide 3 examples of information that seed sensors and a planter monitor such as the Precision Planting 20/20 provides to farmers. | If the seed is dropping Seeding rate Seed spacing efficiency |
| What are 2 other technologies that are available on planters besides the seed sensors that are designed to improve planting efficiency? | Depth control Down pressure Smart firmer |
| Variable-rate seeding, fertilization, and irrigation can be very expensive. Describe 2 ways that these technologies can add profits to crop production. | If yield stays the same, VRA can reduce input costs or Input costs stay the same, but the farmer is increasing yields |
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