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Infectious/Sepsis
med emergenceis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Infectious disease that can be passed from one person/species to another | communicable disease |
| what animal kills the most people a year | mosquitos |
| most efficient and effective way of protecting from disease | hand washing |
| anything that causes a response in the body such as a microorganism or allergen | pathogen |
| presence of unwanted/harmful/impure substance in the body or on surfaces | contamination |
| someone that has been in contact with someone/something with disease but does not mean infected | exposure |
| Public health agency that spreads rules and regulations for safety to protect employees | OSHA |
| Public health agency that collects data and research for healthcare providers and the public | CDC |
| what does the index case mean to epidemiologist? | the first patient to be infected |
| ordinarily harmless bacterium causing disease only under unusual circumstances | opportunistic pathogen |
| reproduce independently but require host to supply food and environment that release exotoxins and endotoxins | bacteria |
| cannot reproduce and carry-on metabolism by themselves; they are obligate intracellular parasites that grow and reproduce only within a host cell | viruses |
| plantlike and most are not pathogenic (yeast, mold, mushrooms); can become a problem with antibiotic use, immunocompromised | fungi |
| single-celled parasitic organisms with flexible membranes and ability to move; most living in soil and enter body by fecal-oral route or by mosquito bite | protozoa |
| very common causes of disease where sanitation is very poor (roundworms, pinworms, hookworms) | parasites |
| parasite that lies in intestinal mucosa and may reach several feet in length | roundworms |
| very common in US and civilized countries; tiny worms that live and die in colon of host and common cause of anal pruritis | pinworms |
| parasite that lives and thrives in warm and moist climates where larvae are passed in stool of infected animal then contracted by humans walking barefoot | hookworms |
| what are the four phases of prehospital infection control | preparation, response, patient contact, recovery |
| what do we use anti-septic's on and disinfectants? | anti-septic's are for skin and disinfectants are for equipment |
| routes of transmission of communicable diseases | direct contact, indirect contact, airborne, foodborne, vector-borne |
| time interval which patient becomes infected with virus and becomes infectious | latent period |
| time between exposure to agent to appearance of symptoms | incubation period |
| time when infected patient can transmit infectious agent to someone else | communicable period |
| time from patient being exposed to disease until seroconversion has occurred | window phase |
| creation of antibodies after being exposed to disease | seroconversion |
| duration from onset of signs and symptoms of disease until resolution of symptoms or death of patient has occurred | disease phase |
| HA and photophobia, F, stiff neck (nuchal rigidity), rash (non-blanchable pin point), seizures, kernig sign (movement of one leg up causes increased neck and head pain), Brudzinski signs (bend neck causes legs to come up) | meningitis |
| persistent cough, night sweats, fatigue, hemoptysis, hoarseness | Tuberculosis |
| inflammation of lungs, rhonchi, recently sick/aspiration, F, productive cough, dyspnea | pneumonia |
| respiratory distress, wheezing, rhonchi, coughing, fever, rhinorrhea; highly contagious viral infection can cause bronchiolitis | respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) |
| coughing, light productive cough green/brown, fever â Lung sounds: rhonchi can be localized | acute bronchitis |
| inflammation of voice box due to overuse, irritation, or infection, cannot phonate, sore throat, usually clear lung sounds with stridor | laryngitis |
| dysuria (burning, painful, foul smelling), hematuria, F if septic; STD | Gonorrhea and chlamydia |
| Bacterial starts as painless sore usually on genitals/rectum/or mouth, lesions | Syphilis |
| Chronic, recurrent illness produced by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV); type 2 through sexual contact | genital herpes |
| insects crawl through hair and feed on blood that can be on the head, body, or pubic area causing itching, sores and secondary infections | lice |
| loss appetite, D, F, N, malaise, jaundice(icterus), cirrhosis, cancer | hepatitis |
| hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, mouth sores, weight loss, fever, headache, muscular weakness, swelling lymph nodes | HIV |
| Dx with person with HIV; T cells (CD4) drop below 200 cell/cubic mm of blood - S&S: Kaposi Sarcoma: type of cancer in the mouth (purplish growths) and across the body (dark circles) | AIDS |
| lethargy, malaise, neuro deficits including paralysis, bullseye rash | Lyme Disease |
| small pustule rash globally caused by tic bite | Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
| "german measles"; low grade fever, sore throat Rash: fine, pink or light-red eruption, often with small, raised spots (papules) that usually starts on the face and spreads downward to the trunk, arms, and legs | rubella |
| Early S&S: F, conjunctivitis, coryza (rhinitis) Followed by: cough, blotchy rash, Koplik's spots | measles |
| itchy fluid-filled vesicles transmitted by direct contact or droplet spread of respiratory secretions highly contagious; turns into shingles later in life (possibly) | chicken pox |
| painful swelling of the salivary glands (parotitis), typically under the ears or jaw. after contracting contagious viral disease | mumps |
| Life-threatening medical emergency caused by whole-body inflammatory state called Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) - Can lead to septic shock (most common reason for women is UTI) | sepsis |
| what does epi and NE start as in adrenal gland; what epi % is usually released vs norepi | starts as l-dopa then dopamine then epi(80%) and norepi(20%) |
| severe sepsis associated with 1+: MAP below 60 mmHG (80 if known HTN), vasopressor needed to keep MAP above 60 | septic shock |
| how do you make a push dose epi | 1mg/10mL = 0.1mg = 100mcg/10mL (putting 1 mL of 1:10 in 10cc syringe with 9mL NS) gives you 10mcg/mL |
Created by:
Lindsey.George