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Chapter 53
Biodiversity Spring 2026- Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the net reproductive rate (R₀)? | The average number of female offspring produced per female per generation |
| How do you interpret R₀? | R₀ > 1 → population grows R₀ = 1 → population stable R₀ < 1 → population declines |
| What determines generation time? | The average age of reproduction |
| What is per capita growth rate (r)? | The rate of population change per individual |
| How is r calculated? | r = b - d birth rate - death rate |
| What does r tell you? | Whether a population is increasing or decreasing over time |
| What is the basic population growth equation? | ΔN/Δt = rN |
| What does each term mean? | N = population size r = per capita growth rate ΔN/Δt = change in population over time |
| What is exponential growth? | Rapid population increase under unlimie |
| What is the exponential growth equation? | dN/dt = rₘₐₓN |
| What is rₘₐₓ? | Maximum possible growth rate (intrinsic capacity for increase) |
| What is logistic growth? | Growth that slows as population approaches carrying capactiy |
| Why does logistic growth occur? | Resources become limited |
| What is carrying capacity (K)? | The maximum population size the environment can support |
| Why can't exponential growth continue forever | Resources (food, space, shelter) are limited |
| What happens as population approaches K? | Growth rate slows and stabilizes |
| What are density-dependent factors? | Factors that become stronger as population density increases |
| Examples of density-dependent factors? | Competition Predation Disease |
| What are density- independent factors? | Factors that affect populations regardless of density |
| What are examples of density-independent factors? | Weather, drought, floods, and fires |
| What are r-selected species? | Species with high reproduction rates and low survival |
| What are characteristics of r-selected species? | Many offspring Little/no parental care Fast growth Unstable populations |
| What are K-selected species? | Species that live near carrying capacity with stable populations |
| What are characteristics of a K-selected species? | Few offspring High parental care Slower growth Strong competitors |
| What is total fertility rate (TFR)? | Average number of children per woman |
| What TFR leads to a stable population? | ~2 children per woman (replacement level) |
| How does age structure affect population growth? | More young people = rapid growth More older individuals = slower growth or decline |
| What is a population | A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area |
| What is population density? | Number of individuals per unit area |
| What is exponential population growth? | Growth at a constant rate under ideal conditions |
| What is logistic population growth? | Growth limited by carrying capacity |
| Why are age-specific data important? | They help predict future population growth |
| What do these symbols mean: lₓ? | Survival rate at age x |
| What do these symbols mean: mₓ? | Reproduction rate at age x |
| What do these symbols mean: lₓmₓ? | Contribution to population growth |
Created by:
KristenR2025