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Chemistry_Ch 13 Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Kinetic Energy | the energy an object possesses due to its motion |
| Kinetic Theory | an explanation of the behavior of matter based on the idea that all matter is in constant random motion |
| Elastic Collision | molecules bounce off each other |
| Gas Pressure | results from the force exerted by a gas over a surface area |
| Vacuum | an empty space with no matter or pressure |
| atmospheric pressure | is due to the weight of the atmosphere of air in place by earth's gravity |
| Barometer | used to measure atmospheric pressure |
| Millimeter of mercury (mm Hg) | the standard atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg. 760 mm Hg = 101.3 KPa |
| Pascal (Pa | a very small unit. 1000 pa = 100 KPa |
| Kilopascal (KPa) | used for atmospheric pressures |
| Atmosphere (ATM) | 1 ATM = 101.3 KPa. 1 ATM = 14.7 psi |
| Diffusion | like putting food coloring in a container of water |
| Vaporization | conversion of liquid to a gas or vapor |
| Evaporization | vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid at nonboiling conditions |
| Freezing Point | the temp at which a liquid changes to a solid |
| `Melting Point | the temperature where a solid changes into a liquid |
| Crystalline solids | have particles arranged in an orderly repeating 3-Dimentional pattern called a crystal lattice |
| amorphous solids | without shape. do not have an orderly arrangement of particles |
| Crystal Structure | The highly ordered, repeating 3D arrangement of molecules within a solid |
| Unit Cell | the smallest group of particles in a crystal |
| Allotrope | 2 or more different molecular forms of the same element in the same state |
| Glass | an example of an amorphous solid |
| Phase or State | solid, liquid, or gas |
| Equilibrium Vapor Pressure | the pressure exerted by a gas in thermodynamic equilibrium with its solid or liquid phase in a closed system at a given temp |
| Volatile Liquids | substances with high vapor pressure and low boiling points allowing them to evaporate or vaporize easily at room temp |
| Boiling Point | the temp at which its vapor pressure equals the surrounding atmospheric pressure causing the liquid to transition into gas |
| Sublimation | the change of a substance from a solid to a vapor without passing through a liquid state |
| Deposition | the phase transition where a gas changes directly into a solid, bypassing the liquid state, often triggered by rapid loss of thermal energy |
| Phase Diagram | gives the conditions of temp and pressure at which a substance exists as a solid. liquid, or gas |
| Triple Point | temp and pressure where 3 phases coexist |
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