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Chapter 13
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| TBI | sudden, physical disruption to normal brain function caused by an external force, such as a violent blow, bump, or jolt to the head |
| Open head injuries | a trauma where an object breaks through the skull and dura mater (the outer membrane of the brain), exposing brain tissue |
| Closed head injury | a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) where the skull and dura mater remain intact, meaning the brain is damaged without an object penetrating the skull |
| Motor speech disorder | neurological impairments that disrupt the brain's ability to plan, coordinate, or execute the muscle movements necessary for speech |
| Behavior modification | a therapeutic approach designed to change undesirable behaviors by replacing them with desirable ones using principles of learning, such as operant and classical conditioning |
| CHARGE syndrome | rare, complex genetic condition causing a specific pattern of birth defects affecting many areas of the body, often involving eye coloboma, heart defects, choanal atresia, growth retardation, genital abnormalities, and ear anomalies |
| Coloboma | a congenital eye defect (present at birth) where a portion of tissue in or around the eye is missing, forming a gap or "keyhole" appearance |
| Usher syndrome | a rare genetic disorder that is the leading cause of combined deafness and blindness, characterized by hearing loss, progressive vision loss from retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and sometimes balance issues |
| Retinis pitmentosa | a group of rare, inherited genetic eye disorders that cause the light-sensitive retina to gradually degenerate, resulting in progressive vision loss and potential blindness |
| Night blindness | a symptom of an underlying eye condition that causes, or severely limits, vision in dim light or darkness, rather than a disease itself |
| Tunnel vision | the loss of peripheral (side) vision, leaving only central vision intact, making it feel like looking through a tube or tunnel |
| Prenatal | the period of time, care, or development occurring before birth, specifically during pregnancy |
| Rubella | a contagious viral infection typically causing mild symptoms like a low-grade fever and a fine pink/red rash starting on the face |
| German measles | a contagious viral infection characterized by a mild, pinkish rash, low fever, and swollen lymph nodes |
| CMV | a common herpes-type virus that infects people of all ages, often causing no symptoms or mild illness in healthy individuals |
| Postnatal | the period immediately following childbirth, typically covering the first six to eight weeks for both the mother and the newborn |
| Meningitis | a serious inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord, usually caused by bacterial or viral infections |
| PTASL | a tactile communication system designed for and by DeafBlind individuals, where signs are produced through touch on the body rather than in the air |
| Braille | a tactile reading and writing system for blind or visually impaired people |
| Adapted signs | modified forms of sign language (such as ASL or BSL) tailored for individuals with physical, visual, or cognitive disabilities, focusing on accessibility, comfort, and tactile feedback |
| Orientation and mobility | a profession and specialized instruction for individuals with visual impairments, focused on teaching skills to navigate the environment safely, confidently, and independently |
| AAC | tools, strategies, and technologies used to support or replace spoken language for individuals with speech or language difficulties |
| FBA | A process used by schools to understand the purpose behind a student's challenging behavior and develop support strategies |
| SIB | deliberate, repetitive acts that cause physical harm to one's own body without conscious suicidal intent |
| NICU | specialized hospital department providing 24/7 care for premature, low birth weight, or critically ill newborns |
| DAP | an educational framework for early childhood education, or a specialized handshake/greeting signifying solidarity |
| Sheltered workshop | a segregated, controlled work environment that provides employment and vocational training exclusively for people with physical, mental, or developmental disabilities |
| Competitive employment | work in the open labor market where individuals, including those with disabilities, work alongside peers without disabilities, earning at or above minimum wage |
| Person centered plans | a collaborative, ongoing process that empowers individuals—particularly those with disabilities or long-term support needs—to direct their own lives and make choices about their future |
| Daily living skills | dressing, eating, bathing, grooming, toileting, and functional mobility |
Created by:
Marshallc04