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treatment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| meta Analytic studies provge success of psychotherapies | -evidence based interventions -create a therapeutic alliance with client |
| decentralized | outside of hospitals |
| psychologists follow ethical principals: | nonmaleficence, fidelity, integrity, respect for peoples rights and dignity |
| nonmaleficence | no harm |
| fidelity | trust |
| integrity | honest |
| respect for peoples rights and DIGNITY | cultural differences |
| psychodynamic therapies | free association, dream interpretation |
| free association | talk about what comes to mind, no matter what -speech or written |
| dream interpretation | analyze dreams (hidden meaning of the unconscious mind) |
| cognitive therapies | cognitive triad, fear hierarchies, cognitive restructuring |
| cognitive triad | three negative interrelated thoughts 1. self 2. world 3. future |
| fear hierarchies | ranking fears, no exposure |
| cognitive restructuring | changing maladaptive beliefs with more balanced/ rational thoughts |
| behaviorism | exposure therapies, aversion therapies, token economy, biofeedback |
| exposure therapies | confront and reduce fear/ anxiety -systematic desensitization |
| systematic desensitization | more through hierarchy when relaxed, one level at a time |
| aversion therapies | unwanted behavior is associated with unpleasant stimulus (operant conditioning-punishment) |
| token economy | exchange tokens for rewards (positive reinforcement) |
| biofeedback | understand body physiological responses, change -ex: anxiety- someone calms their nervous system down through grounding |
| cognitive-behavioral | dialectical behavior therapy, rational-emotive behavior therapy |
| dialectical behavior therapy | focus on skills to manage emotions, improve relationships and cope with situations |
| rational-emotive behavior therapy | identify irrational thoughts, change the behavior |
| humanistic | (real self vs ideal self) person-centered therapy |
| person-centered therapy | therapist does not give advice or interpret meaning, leading client to gain insight -active listening -unconditional positive regard |
| active listening | listening and paraphrasing what was said |
| unconditional positive regard | non judgemental |
| modes of therapy | group, individual, hypnosis |
| group | small group -shows you're not alone -cheaper interpersonal |
| individual | one on one -uncomfortable |
| hypnosis | suggestibility -effectivge against pain and anxiety -research does not support retrieve accurate memories or regress in age |
| psychoactive medications | antidepressants, antianxiety, lithium, antipsychotic |
| antidepressants | used for: depression effects: increase serotonin. improves mood by reducing absorption of neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine -SSRI: agonist -reuptake: neurotransmitter recycles back into neuron that fired it |
| antianxiety | used for: PTSD, panic disorder, social phobia, OCD effects: depress CNS, increases GABA. reduces apprehension and nervousness |
| lithium | (Mood stabilizer) used for: bipolar disorders effects: reduces manic episodes and depressive episodes |
| antipsychotic | used for: schizophrenia effects: reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia -side effect: tardive dyskenesia |
| tardive dyskenesia | uncontrolled body movement, parkinson-like |
| lesioning | damaging or removing parts of brain (split brain) |
| transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) | magnetic pulse, seems to grow neurons that reduce depression |
| electroconvulsive therapy | electric shock, causes seizures (severe cause of depression) |
| lobotomy | frontal lobe separated from brain -popular in mid 20th century, rarely used today |