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Drug Stems
| Class | IFU | Example | Stem |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analgesic | Pain | lidocaine | -caine (local) |
| Antacid | Heart burn, Acid reflux | Magnesium hydroxide, Aluminum hydroxide | hydroxide |
| Antianginal | angina | Nitroglycerin | |
| Anticonvulsant/Antiepileptic | Epilepsy, Seizures | Valproate, Carbamazepine, Ethosuximide | -zepine, -gab- |
| SSRI | Depression | Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram, Fluvoxamine | -etine, -lopram |
| Anticoagulant | Prevent formation of blood clots | Warfarin, Heparin, Enoxaparin | -arin |
| Antihistamine | allergies | Cetirizine, Diphenhydramine, Fexofenadine, Chlorpheniramine, Loratadine | -atadine, -astine, -izine, -yzine |
| Beta Blockers | HTN | Metoprolol, Bisoprolol, Labetalol | -olol, -alol |
| Calcium channel blockers | HTN | Verapamil, Diltiazem, Nifedipine, Amlodipine, Felodipine | -dipine |
| ACE inhibitors | HTN | Ramipril, Lisinopril, Perindopril, Captopril | -pril |
| Thiazide Diuretic | HTN, Edema | Hydrochlorothiazide, Bendroflumethiazide | -thiazide |
| Loop diuretic | HTN, Edema | furosemide | -semide |
| Diuretics | HTN, Edema | Bumetanide, Spironolactone, Ethacrynic acid, amiloride | -etanide, -renone |
| Alpha blocker | HTN | Terazosin, Doxazosin, Tamsulosin | -osin |
| Penicillians | Bacterial infections | Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Piperacillin | -cillian |
| Cephalosporins | Bacterial infections | Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin, Cefdinir | cef-, ceph- |
| Macrolides | Bacterial infections | Clarithromycin, Telithromycin | mycin- |
| Tetracycline | Bacterial infections | Tetracycline, Minocycline, Doxycycline | -cycline |
| Aminoglycosides | Bacterial infections | Amikacin, Gentamicin | |
| Fluoroquinolones | Bacterial infections | Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin | -floxacin |
| Antineoplastics | Cancer | Cyclophosphamide, Etoposide, Doxorubicin, Cisplatin | |
| NSAID | inflammation | Ibuprofen, Aspirin, Naproxen, Celecoxib, Meloxicam | -clofenac, -fenac, -dolac, -profen, -icam |
| Antitussive | Cough | Dextromethorphan | |
| Antivirals | Viral infections | Acyclovir | -ciclovir |
| Bronchodilator | Asthma | Albuterol | -terol |
| Decongestants | Nasal Congestion | Pseudoephedrine, Xylometazoline, Phenylephrine | |
| Hormones | hormone replacement | Conjugated estrogens, Levothyroxine, Medroxyprogesterone | |
| Hypnotic | insomnia | Zolpidem, Zaleplon, Zopiclone, Eszopiclone | |
| PPI | GERD | Omeprazole, Rabeprazole, Pantoprazole | -prazole |
| Antiarrhythmic | arrhythmia | Quinidine, Lidocaine, Amiodarone, Verapamil, Diltiazem | |
| Biguanide | DM 2 | Metformin | |
| Taxanes | Chemotherapy drugs | Paclitaxel, Docetaxel | -taxel |
| Nootropic | Cognitive enhancers | Caffeine, Amphetamine Methylphenidate | |
| Eugeroic | Excessive sleepiness Narcolepsy | Modafinil | |
| MAO inhibitors | Depression | Isocarboxazid, Selegiline, Tranylcypromine | |
| Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) | hyperlipidemia | Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, Pravastatin | -statin |
| PDE5 inhibitors | Erectile dysfunction | Sildenafil, Tadalafil | -afil |
| Expectorant | productive cough | Guaifenesin | |
| Antidote | Toxic Drugs | N-acetylcysteine, Activated charcoal | |
| Opioids | Severe pain | Codeine, Morphine, Oxycodone, Tramadol | |
| Laxative | Constipation | Lactulose, Senna, Bisacodyl | |
| H2 antagonists | Gastric acid production | Ranitidine | |
| Dopaminergic drugs | Parkinson’s disease | Levodopa, Ropinirole, Pramipexole | |
| Corticosteroids | Inflammation, asthma, skin rashes | Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, Hydrocortisone, Beclometasone | -sone |
| Bisphosphonates | Osteoporosis | Alendronic acid, Zoledronic acid, Pamidronate | |
| Benzodiazepines | Sedation, Anxiety, Seizures, Muscle relaxation | Diazepam, Midazolam, Nitrazepam | -zolam, -zepam |
| Antimuscarinics | Urinary frequency, Urinary urgency, Urge incontinence | Oxybutynin, Solifenacin, Tolterodine | |
| Antifungal drugs | Fungal infections | Clotrimazole, Fluconazole, Ketoconazole | -azole |
| Antiemetics | Nausea/vomiting | Cyclizine, Promethazine, Prochlorperazine, Ondansetron | |
| Xanthine oxidase inhibitors | Gout | Allopurinol, Febuxostat | |
| Antiretroviral drug | HIV | Tenofovir, Lamivudine, Stavudine, Efavirenz, Dolutegravir | -navir, -tegravir, -fovir, -virine |
| Phosphate binder | High blood phosphate levels in patients with renal failure | Sevelmer | |
| Fibrates | Hyperlipidemia | Fenofibrate | -fibr- |
| Immunosuppressant | Autoimmune disease | Azathioprine, Cyclosporine | |
| DMARD Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug | Rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease | Methotrexate, Leflunomide, Rituximab, Infliximab |