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Pathophysiology
Week 11-14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A patient has a dilated ureter from an obstructed upper urinary tract. Which term will the nurse use to describe this condition? | Hydrometer |
| A patient experiences relief of bilateral kidney obstruction, which results in obstructive diuresis. What risks are associated with this situation? | Fluid and electrolytes imbalance |
| Which of the following symptom is associated with overactive bladder syndrome? | Nocturia |
| A nurse is describing bladder dysfunction caused by neurologic disorders like stroke, traumatic brain injury, dementia, and brain tumors. Which of the following terms refers to this type of bladder dysfunction? | Neurogenic bladder |
| The nurse is assessing a patient with bladder cancer. Which of the following is a typical finding for patients with bladder cancer? | Hematuria |
| A patient with cystitis reports painful urination. The nurse will document this symptom as which of the following? | Dysuria |
| A patient presents with a UTI. The nurse knows that the most common causative pathogen is which of the following? | Escherichia coli |
| A patient has chronic pyelonephritis. What would the nurse expect to see in this patient? | Kidney scarring |
| The nurse is describing the pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis. Which of the following mechanisms represent a major component of both primary and secondary glomerular injury? | Antigen-antibody complexes that deposit within the glomerulus |
| Which of the following occurs when normally soluble material such as calcium and oxalate supersaturates the urine and begins the process of crystal formation? | Kidney stones |
| A 14-year-old girl has failed to menstruate and developed secondary sex characteristics. What term is used to describe this condition? | Primary amenorrhea |
| What term is used when describing the occurrence of sexual mutation in girls before the age of 6 and in boys before the age of 9? | Precocious puberty |
| Dermoid cysts are tumors that contain elements of skin, hair, glands, muscle, and bone that can eventually develop into: | Ovarian cancer |
| Risk factors for the development of endometrial cancer include: | Obesity, early menarche, and late menopause |
| Exposure in utero to non-steroidal estrogens (diethylstilbestrol [DES]) also has been identified as a risk factor for: | Vaginal cancer |
| Which cancer is the nurse testing for when the Papanicolaou test (Pap smear) is used for routine screening? | Cervical cancer |
| An abnormal dilation of a vein within the spermatic cord that can lead to infertility is known as a: | Varicocele |
| Polycystic ovarian syndrome results in stimulation of follicle growth without ovulation and generally leads to: | Infertility |
| Benign ovarian cysts are classified as: | Follicular, corpus luteum/luteal, or dermoid |
| What intervention is recommended for patients with benign breast disease? | Monitoring the intake of caffeine and chocolate |
| Tissue damage in acute pancreatitis is caused by: | Leakage of pancreatic enzymes into the pancreatic tissue |
| The most common cause of chronic pancreatitis is: | Alcoholic abuse |
| A patient has a small bowel obstruction. What are the classic symptoms? | Vomiting, colicky abdominal pain, and abdominal distention |
| What will be included in the initial assessment findings for a stress ulcer in a patient who sustained severe trauma? | Gastrointestinal bleeding |
| A gastrectomy surgery commonly leads to a vitamin B 12 deficiency anemia because: | Decreased intrinsic factor production results in decreased vitamin B |
| Reflex esophagitis is defined as: | An inflammatory response to gastroesophageal reflex |
| The most common cause of portal hypertension is: | Liver cirrhosis |
| Malabsorption of what vitamin due to injury to the mucosa of the ileum is a common characteristic of Crohn’s disease? | Vitamin B12 |
| Disorders is most commonly associated with bright red blood in the stools? | Colorectal cancer |
| What interventions will the nurse include in a plan of care for a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? | Weight reduction, smoking cessation, and elevating the head of the bed 6 inches help to alleviate symptoms |
| What laboratory result will be elevated in a patient with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)? | Fibrin degradation products |
| A nurse suspects a patient is experiencing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which laboratory tested the nurse asked the primary care provider to order? | D-dimer |
| Neutrophilia and a left shift are most commonly associated with: | A bacterial infection |
| Inflammatory cytokine released by Hodgkin’s lymphoma tumors are often cause: | Night sweats, low-grade fevers, and weight loss |
| The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is: | Parathyroid gland injury or removal |
| The pathophysiology of type one diabetes mellitus (DM) involves: | Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells |
| A major cause of myxedema coma is: | Untreated hypothyroidism |
| A patient is experiencing a thyroid storm. Which assessment findings will the nurse observe? | High levels of thyroid, hormone in conjunction with high levels of stress hormones leads to fever, tachycardia, and eventually high output heart failure |
| Fibromyalgia specifically manifests with: | Trigger/tender point pain |
| A patient has a fractured that broke into several fragments. Which type of fracture did the patient sustain? | Comminuted |
| A factor that contributes to the development of osteoporosis in older women post menopausal is: | Decreased estrogen levels |
| A patient has osteomyelitis. When the nurse is reviewing the laboratory results, which type of organism will the nurse most likely observe on the report? | Bacteria |
| Pain and inflammation associated with gout are caused by crystallization of: | Uric acid |
| Severe trauma can result in the release of myoglobin from skeletal muscle cells, causing a life-threatening condition called: | Rhabdomyolysis |
| Aortic expenses, results in the incomplete emptying of the: | Left ventricle |
| Prinzmetal angina is caused by: | Vasospasm |
| What develops if the flow of oxygen content of coronary blood is insufficient to meet the metabolic demands of myocardial cells? | My radial ischemia |
| All disorders associated with ARDS cause massive pulmonary: | Inflammation |
| A productive cough for at least three months is the classic sign of: | Chronic bronchitis |
| The sensation of feeling short of breath | Feeling short of breath |
| An area where alveoli are ventilated, but not perfumed is termed: | Alveolar dead space |
| An acquired, chronic autoimmune disease meditated by antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the neuromuscular junction: | Myasthenia Gravis |
| RA results from joint inflammation caused by | Autoimmune injury |
| A set of pins connected to stabilizing bars on the outside of the patient is a type of treatment for fractures called: | External fixation |
| A patient has a small bowel obstruction. What classic symptoms should the nurse assess for in this patient? | Vomiting colicky abdominal pain, and abdominal distention |
Created by:
IGEMINI81