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pathophysiology
final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A 10 year old is diagnosed with leukemia. The nurse assesses for which other condition that could be associated with his disease? | Down syndrome |
| A patient’s anemia is described as having erythrocytes that demonstrate poikilocytosis. The nurse would recognize the erythrocytes would be: | able to assume various shapes. |
| A patient is diagnosed with primary thrombocythemia. A nurse would expect the blood smear to reveal _____ platelets. | overproduced |
| A 25-year-old female has a heavy menses during which she loses a profuse amount of blood. Which of the following adaptations should the nurse expect? | Peripheral vasoconstriction |
| For a patient experiencing hypersplenism, the nurse expects the erythrocytes to be: | sequestered |
| A nurse checks individuals with liver disease for clotting problems because: | clotting factors are produced in the liver |
| A mother has a child that is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. While the mother does not have the disease, which characteristic of her genetic makeup is responsible for the child’s disease? | Hb S and Hb A |
| What is the most common form of childhood leukemia? | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) |
| Testing reveals that a child has hemophilia A. This bleeding disorder results from a deficiency in factor: | VIII. |
| Which major symptom indicates to the nurse that patient diagnosed with sickle cell anemia is experiencing a vaso-occlusive crisis? | Pain |
| Which of the following amino acids is present in Hb S and not present in normal Hb? | Valine |
| A 12-month-old toddler weighing 18 pounds is brought to the clinic because of weakness, slow physical growth, and developmental delays. His mother reports that the only food he will consume is cow’s milk. The symptoms support a diagnosis of which form of | Iron deficiency |
| When a nurse checks the patient for orthostatic hypotension, what activity did the nurse have the patient engage in? | Standing up |
| Many valvular stenosis and regurgitation disorders in adults have a common etiology. Which of the following conditions should alert the nurse that the patient may have both types of valve dysfunctions? | Rheumatic fever or heart disease |
| A 51-year-old male is at the health clinic for an annual physical exam. After walking from the car to the clinic, he developed substernal pain. He also reported discomfort in his left shoulder and his jaw, lasting 2–3 minutes and then subsiding with rest. | stable angina. |
| The onset of anaphylactic shock is usually: | sudden and life threatening. |
| A patient presents to a primary care provider reporting chest pain and is diagnosed with atherosclerosis. This disease is caused by: | abnormal thickening and hardening of vessel walls. |
| A patient is diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Which of the following modifiable risk factors would the nurse suggest the patient change? | Smoking cigarettes |
| A 1-month-old infant was diagnosed with truncus arteriosus (TA) with a ventricular septal defect. This condition results in: | blood from both ventricles mixing in a common vessel. |
| A 2-week-old infant who presents with poor feeding, fatigue, dyspnea, and a murmur is diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). This condition results in a(n): | left-to-right shunt. |
| A 3-year-old male is diagnosed with Kawasaki disease. What is the most likely cause of Kawasaki disease? | Inflammation of the small capillaries, arteries, and veins |
| Intrauterine exposure to which factor could be responsible for a diagnosis of congenital heart disease? | Viral infection |
| A 22-year-old pregnant woman presents to her OB/GYN for a prenatal checkup. The fetal heartbeat sounds irregular, and a fetal echocardiogram reveals an atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect. This defect is the result of: | incomple fusion of the endocardial cushions. |
| A 1-year-old female with a ventricular septal defect is experiencing left-sided heart failure. Which symptom will most likely occur? | Failure to thrive |
| A 50-year-old male is diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE). Which of the following symptoms most likely occurred before treatment is initiated? | Chest pain and shortness of breath |
| A 26 year old recently underwent surgery and is now experiencing dyspnea, cough, fever, and leukocytosis. Tests reveal a collapsed lung caused by the removal of air from obstructed alveoli. Which term is used to document this condition? | Absorption atelectasis |
| A 10 year old is brought to the ER with prolonged bronchospasm and severe hypoxemia. The symptomology supports which diagnosis? | Status asthmaticus |
| A nurse is reviewing the results of an arterial blood gas (ABG) and finds reduced oxygenation of arterial blood. What term should the nurse use to describe this condition? | Hypoxemia |
| Which organism does the nurse suspect is the most likely cause of empyema? | Staphylococcus aureus |
| What phrase describes the condition in which a series of alveoli in the left lower lobe receive adequate ventilation but lack adequate perfusion? | Alveolar dead space |
| A cardiovascular alteration seen in a newborn diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome includes: | opening of fetal shunt pathways. |
| A 5 year old presents with high fever, inspiratory stridor, severe respiratory distress, drooling, and dysphagia. Acute epiglottitis is suspected. When assessing the child, the nurse would avoid: | examining the throat for redness. |
| A 1-year-old female is diagnosed with croup. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to be present when the nurse performs an assessment? (Select all that apply.) | Barking cough Stridor Hoarseness |
| A newborn is diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome. When obtaining the patient’s history, which of the following is the most important predisposing factor for this condition? | Premature birth |
| A newborn experiencing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) will demonstrate signs: | within minutes of birth. |
| A 13-year-old female is diagnosed with asthma. Which of the following should the nurse teach the patient to recognize as a part of an asthmatic attack? | Wheezing |
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IGEMINI81