all instructions in machine code recognised + executed by specific CPU

complex instruction set computer: - less common then used to be, mainly found in desktop computers and laptops - extensive instruction set, allowing complex operations to be performed - aims to complete task is few lines of assembly as possible

reduced instruction set computer: - popular in low-power, portable devices - limited instruction set, consisting of simpler operations - aim to use simple instructions that will be executed within a single clock cycle

- little-work for compiler to translate higher-level to machine code - minimises number of assembly/machine code instructions

- each instructions takes only one cycle enabling pipelining - simpler instructions; simpler hardware; more registers + cache, smaller, cheaper, less silicon, less energy

- complex instructions take longer than one clock cycle to execute; no pipelining - more complex hardware, larger, more expensive, more energy

- more lines of code required - compiler does more work to translate

any additional processor used for a specialised task , e.g. GPU

(some examples) - Training neural networks/machine learning - Weather modeling - Graphics (designed for) - Statistical analysis

Instruction sets for graphic processing calculations Embedded within CPU or on graphics card with own memory Thousands of cores; not always faster then CPU Good for simple operations on large data sets (SIMD)

general purpose computing on GPU: - using GPU for not-graphics-tasks

Single chip containing two or more independent cores Cores integrated into CMP chip (Chip Multiprocessor) Enhanced by on-chip shared cache and inter-core communication Better performance gained depends on software using parallel processing

Processing instructions by dividing them between cores

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Question	Answer
Instruction set	all instructions in machine code recognised + executed by specific CPU
CISC	complex instruction set computer: - less common then used to be, mainly found in desktop computers and laptops - extensive instruction set, allowing complex operations to be performed - aims to complete task is few lines of assembly as possible
RISC	reduced instruction set computer: - popular in low-power, portable devices - limited instruction set, consisting of simpler operations - aim to use simple instructions that will be executed within a single clock cycle
CISC pros	- little-work for compiler to translate higher-level to machine code - minimises number of assembly/machine code instructions
RISC pros	- each instructions takes only one cycle enabling pipelining - simpler instructions; simpler hardware; more registers + cache, smaller, cheaper, less silicon, less energy
CISC cons	- complex instructions take longer than one clock cycle to execute; no pipelining - more complex hardware, larger, more expensive, more energy
RISC cons	- more lines of code required - compiler does more work to translate
GPU	Graphics Processing Unit
Co-processor	any additional processor used for a specialised task , e.g. GPU
GPU tasks	(some examples) - Training neural networks/machine learning - Weather modeling - Graphics (designed for) - Statistical analysis
GPU physicalities	Instruction sets for graphic processing calculations Embedded within CPU or on graphics card with own memory Thousands of cores; not always faster then CPU Good for simple operations on large data sets (SIMD)
GPGPU	general purpose computing on GPU: - using GPU for not-graphics-tasks
Multicore processor	Single chip containing two or more independent cores Cores integrated into CMP chip (Chip Multiprocessor) Enhanced by on-chip shared cache and inter-core communication Better performance gained depends on software using parallel processing
Parallel processing	Processing instructions by dividing them between cores

Created by: FlashCardFun!

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